The Crucible †Comparing Play And Movie Essay Research Paper Example For Students

The Crucible – Comparing Play And Movie Essay Research Paper Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, and the movie with the same name have many differences and similarities, all of which contribute to the individual effectiveness of each in conveying their central message. There are several additions and variances in the movie. First of all, the scene where the children and Tituba are dancing in the forest is never seen in the forest; we simply learn of it from dialogue. This scene was most probably added in the movie for a dramatic effect: foreshadowing. Along the same lines, there are many scenes included in the movie that are outdoors, however; there were no such scenes in the play. All of the action in the play was indoors. The director, in this case, was simply using the advantages of movie making. It is difficult to replicate an outdoors scene in a theatre. Also, some of the techniques used when filming outdoors create a symbolic message. A portion of the scenes before the beginning of the witchcraft trials is seen in a downpour of rain, possibly foreshadowing doom and dreariness to come. There were some scenes added or adapted in the movie as opposed to the play. First, the large group of stricken girls, which indeed had a greater number than did the group in the play, left the church meeting at the beginning of the movie to see about Bettys condition. Betty seemed to be much more violent in the movie and she tried to jump out of the window, which did not occur in the play. These details were most likely added to augment the id ea of mass hysteria. A scene was added in the movie, showing the hangings and cheers of the crowd watching, also to add to that effect. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible – Comparing Play And Movie Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Next, Tituba was not whipped into confession in the play, whereas she was in the movie. This was most indefinitely added to show that the profession was typically not made willingly. One had to be forced one way or another into confessing, to save their skin or their life. Also, around the time of this scene is one where Abigail and John Proctor have a conversation. In the movie, Abigail kisses John Proctor and he throws her off of him, which did not occur in the play. This was no doubt inserted to show the audience that Abigail was oddly and obsessively lusting over the man while he was making a sincere attempt to get over her. Another significant change is in the character portrayal. In the play, Parris seemed to be overly egocentric and self-conscious. He is still thus in the movie, but is more whiny, and annoyingly so. Putnam, also, seems to have a personality change. In the play, his personality is not so domineering as in the movie, where he is bordering on psychotic. His role seems to be made larger and more significant in the movie, which presumably accounts for the change in character representation. Another difference is the presence of three judges in the movie, whereas in the play there were only two, both of whom where made out to be bad guys. One additional judge is added in the movie possibly to show that it was not the entirety of the Church that was unjust, cruel, and nearly ignorant. I wonder how much the Puritans paid the director off for that little extra. The Proctor children were never present in the play. We know of their existence, apparently sleeping upstairs, when Elizabeth is arrested for witchcraft. They appear to cry, and hug their mommy, and make the scene extremely sentimental. Their whole purpose was to show people how devastating these witch-hunts were to families, especially children. .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a , .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .postImageUrl , .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a , .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:hover , .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:visited , .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:active { border:0!important; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:active , .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69d65d8f3741e9a10285c17656cd489a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Virus Invaders EssayA scene that was added to the movie was one where Parris opened his door and found a large knife stuck in it. This is to show how much Parris was despised in the community. In the section of the movie where Mary Warren goes to confess that she has seen no spirits, there are a few changes. First of all, the girls never came after Mary in the play, while, on the contrary, they did in the play. This is simple foreshadowing, showing that further on the girls will unite against Mary. Next, the girls never ran into the water after the bird scene, obviously because there were no outdoor scenes in the play. I believe the purpose of their running into the ocean was that the girls needed to cleanse themselves of the evil spirits. The accusation of John Proctor practicing witchcraft comes when he is standing in the water to his mid-thigh, possibly meaning that, although he has sinned less than some, he still needs to be baptized (in a sense) completely to be free of his misdoings. The final three differences all have to do with Abigail. First of all, she is seen stealing money from her uncle where in the play we only hear of it second-hand. Second, in the movie, Abigail visits John Proctor in jail, which never occurred in the play. Lastly, Abigail accuses the Reverend John Hales wife of witchcraft, and is told by Judge Danforth that she is mistaken. This did not happen in the play, but helps in the movie to more clearly define Abigail as one of the bad guys in the movie. Personally speaking, I prefer the movie to the play. Granted, the play may have deep, underlying meanings, but to me, it wasnt very moving or emotional. The additions made in the movie help to more clearly define the roles of good and evil, and play on the hidden feelings people have. I think most of the additions, if not all, were appropriately made and were quite successful. I enjoyed both the movie and our reading of the play very much, but again, I would have to say that I prefer the movie.

Timothy Leary

Timothy Leary Timothy Leary "Turn on, tune in, drop out." That saying has turned into the slogan of Timothy Leary's mind-expanding movement. Although a graduate of both West-Point and Berkley, and a Harvard professor, these were not his greatest lifetime achievements. Throughout his publicized life, he became the spokesperson of the psychedelic age. His devotion to the belief that LSD and marijuana were gateways to enlightenment resulted in a new church, numerous prison sentences, and a following of both celebrities and the general public. When people think of Timothy Leary their immediate response is "Turn on, tune in, drop out," his trademark line, although the meaning of it has often been misinterpreted. Playboy Magazine had thought that his message was advocating, "getting high and dropping out of school," (Marwick 311). When asked by the magazine to explain the meaning of the phrase he responded, " 'Turn on' means to contact the ancient energies and wisdoms that are built into your nervous sy stem.Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (Original Movie Soundtr...

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 97

Assignment - Essay Example It also leads to an increase in annual crop yields by approximately 30 to 135 million metric tons as well as reduction in projected global mean warming by 0.5Â °C by year 2050 as a result of reductions in ozone in 2030 and beyond. On the other hand BC measures are able to provide significant global climate benefits; however, uncertainties are much larger. In addition, it leads to a reduction in disruptions in regional hydrological cycle, improved agriculture yields and large regional human health benefits. The fact that these policies helps in the protection of food supplies and public health as well as mitigation of climate change may aid in motivating policies to be implemented on the same. Methane and BC measures are complimentary to and distinct from CO2 measures. Early adoption of CH4 and BC measures has little impact on long term temperatures but provides much larger short-term benefits. Mechanisms such as the Prototype Methane Financing Facility and the Clean Development Mechanism under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change reduces CH4 emissions. Because such measures can provide agricultural benefit, improve health, slow the rate of climate change and enhanced warming mitigation necessitates their early and widespread implementation in order to realize such

Team Case Study 2 The Deepwater Horizon Part 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Team 2 The Deepwater Horizon Part 1 - Case Study Example e, it becomes essentials to ask the difficult yet factual questions in order to obtain every possible view in the management of such disasters even in future. BP just as any other large multinational corporation understood the nature of their industry and the risks expected in such industries. As such, the company should have developed an effective crisis response and management team in order to contain the effects of the accidents. Despite such assumptions, the company could not contain the problem whose effects continued for weeks. Additionally, the company would later spend billions of dollars in an extensive public relations campaign as it sought to absolve itself and reestablish its reputation. Such occurrences portray laxity in the company’s management. Among the factual questions, thus include whether the accident was an act of either omission or commission in the management’s functions, whether the management acted promptly or not and whether the management of the multinational corporation valued the life of its employees and the ecosystem as it envisioned (Weiss

Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Essay - 1

Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons have coped - Essay Example Falling house prices which were caused by shortage of mortgages made the economy to worsen and investor fell short of repaying their loans. This act made lending institutions to halt their loaning as they feared that their customers were unable to repay. Another cause for recession in United Kingdom was cost push inflation which made civil servants to squeeze their incomes and lower their disposal earnings. Citizen more so civil servants were very careful on every penny they spent for the cost of living had skyrocketed making them to evade any impulse buying. Lack of confidence with financial sector reduced confidence in real economy thus perpetuating low trading and therefore less revenue. Consequently, the retail sector which hugely depends on the buying behaviour of the customers was financially affected. The economic turmoil affected the overall retail sector worldwide to a large extent, top retail giants including Tesco, and Sainsbury also faced decline in their share prices due to a major brunt of the financial crisis (Hotten, 2008). Many retail sectors like the financial and other retail sectors did job cutting in order to combat the financial turmoil. Though the groceries giants like Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrison aimed at in creasing the jobs but due to the closure of some of the grocery depots like Tesco who closed its Daventry’s depot of Fast way distribution has resulted some job loss (The Telegraph, 2008). However, in the last five years except 2008 and 2009 UK witnessed a positive GDP growth rate (BBC News, 2011). At the end of 2009 UK recovered from the global recession which was caused due to the ripple effects of the failure of subprime loans and bankruptcy of the big financial institutions but can be hugely affected due to the predicted recession of 2012 which may happen mainly due to the debt crisis of the European countries (The Economic Times, 2011). The graph below shows how recession took place and the way

Analysing The Grameen Bank Of Bangladesh Economics Essay

Analysing The Grameen Bank Of Bangladesh Economics Essay Grameen Bank (GB) is called the bank of poor people in Bangladesh. It has been established for the welfare of the poor village people of Bangladesh, which becomes a role model of the world of micro credit banking system. At the beginnings of Microcredit, Dr. Muhammed Yunus who is an economist educated in the United States of America, although originally from Bangladesh, introduced the world to the notion of micro-credit in the 1970s. Counts (1996) said that Muhammed Yunus talked with the poor village people and discover that general local bank never shows interest to provide loan to poor people and does not lend them and they had to borrow money from extortionate moneylenders with high interest rates. As a result, they ended up more-or-less permanently in debt and any money they made went to pay the interest on these high-interest loans. Yunus became conscious at that moment that the poor problems were in some ways no different from anyone else: low interest credit was a necessity of life. Definition of Micro Credit Auwal (1996): An extremely small loan given to impoverished people to help them become self employed. Also known as micro lending. This small loans extension (microloans) to those in poverty designed to spur entrepreneurship. These loans especially given to a poor person to enable him or herself to become self employed. Financial services loaned a small amounts of money usually around $50-$150 to poor people as a capital of a small business to start or extend it. The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh has become a model of successful micro loan provider. Principles of Microcredit: General financing or credit. It emphasizes building capacity of a micro-entrepreneur. Employment generation. Trust building. Socioeconomic development. Help the micro entrepreneur on during difficult. Advantage of Microcredit Soeama (2004): Source and cost of funding: In order for the Microfinance institutions to loan they need funding too and a stable microfinance institution might have a competitive advantage of low cost of funds which enables it to provide finance at low cost. Infrastructure set up: Microfinance companies must have a required network and infrastructure to deliver these services. The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh creates and implements this structure in rural village area. Image: MFIs are many times criticized as money squeezing machines which charge very high cost. Which is not necessarily true considering their cost of funds and risks moreover they have to be sustainable. So here I think having a good name, image and Top management team helps a lot. Disadvantages of Micro Credit: Although microcredits are the keystone in terms of development in poor countries, it can also have its difficult. Indeed, the disadvantages of microcredits are: Some microcredit institutions are often unpredictable. Refunding problems. Budget depends on subsidises from the government or NGOs. Fig 1: Current Microcredit Network of Grameen Bank History of Grameen Bank: The founder of Grameen Bank Muhammad Yunus open up the idea of micro-creditminuscule loans to the very poor. The bank currently lends more than $500 million a year with a repayment rate of better than 97 percent. Its Group Savings Funds have assets of $186 million. Grameen Bank operates 1,100 branches in half of Bangladeshs nearly 80,000 villages. The program has been successfully replicated in dozens of countries, including the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, South Africa, and Bolivia. It has also been applied to inner city and rural poverty in rich nations in North America and Europe. The origin of Grameen Bank can be traced back to 1976 when Professor Muhammad Yunus, Head of the Rural Economics Program at the University of Chittagong, launched an action research project to examine the possibility of designing a credit delivery system to provide banking services targeted at the rural poor. The Grameen Bank Project (Grameen means rural or village in Bangla language) came into operation with the following objectives: Extend banking facilities to poor men and women. Eliminate the exploitation of the poor by money lenders. Create opportunities for self-employment for the vast multitude of unemployed people in rural Bangladesh. Bring the disadvantaged, mostly the women from the poorest households, within the fold of an organizational format which they can understand and manage by themselves. Reverse the age-old vicious circle of low income, low saving low investment, into virtuous circle of low income, injection of credit, investment, more income, more savings, more investment, more income. The action research demonstrated its strength in Jobra (a village adjacent to Chittagong University) and some of the neighboring villages during 1976-1979. With the sponsorship of the central bank of the country and support of the nationalized commercial banks, the project was extended to Tangail district (a district north of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh) in 1979. With the success in Tangail, the project was extended to several other districts in   the country. In October 1983, the Grameen Bank Project was transformed into an independent bank by government legislation. Today Grameen Bank is owned by the rural poor whom it serves. Borrowers of the Bank own 90% of its shares, while the remaining 10% is owned by the government. Current structure of Grameen Bank: Grameen Bank allowed to operate branches in urban areas. Earlier they could open branches only in the rural areas. Government stake cut down from 25% to 15%. Note that when the Bank started, Government had a stake of 60%. Number of Government nominated directors brought down to 2 from 3. Chairman of the bank will be appointed by the board instead of Government nomination which existed until now. Fig 2: Current structure of Grameen Bank. Aims and Objectives of Grameen bank: The Grameen Bank believes that the best way for participants to learn about how the bank works, is through first hand exposure and observations at the field level. Through these experiences, participants are encouraged to draw their own conclusions about the effectiveness of Grameen Banks work and the impact it has on the poorest of the poor. The objectives of GBs training programs are to: Arouse curiosity. Stimulate interest on the subject of Micro financing. Encourage responsibility of self-motivated learning. Learn and share with others. Discover individual role in the organization and the global community. Methods of Growth: The Grameen Banks Method of action can be illustrated by the following principles: Start with the problem rather than the solution. Adopt a progressive attitude. Make sure that the credit system serves the poor, and not vice-versa. Establish priorities for action vis-a-vis to the the target population. Lean on solidarity groups. Establish priorities for action vis-a-vis to the target population. Associate savings with credit without it being necessarily a prerequisite. Do everything possible to ensure the systems financial balance. Invest in human resources. There are 16 decisions and 10 indicators in Grameen Bank policy to grow it up. These are: Decisions: Follow the four principles of Grameen Bank- Discipline, Unity, Courage and Hard work. Bring prosperity to the families. Work towards to construct new houses. Grow vegetables all the year round. During the plantation seasons plant as many seedlings as possible. Plan to keep families small which will help to minimize expenditures easy to look after every bodys health. Provide education to the children and ensure that they can earn to pay for their education. Keep the environment clean. Build and use pit-latrines. Arrange safe drinking water from tubewells and boil water or use alum when needed.   Do not take any dowry at our sons weddings, neither shall give any dowry at any ones daughters wedding. No body inflict any injustice on anyone. Will do more collectively undertake bigger investments for higher incomes. Always be ready to help each other. If anyone is in difficulty, all help him or her. Come to know of any breach of discipline in any centre, go there and help restore discipline. Take part in all social activities collectively. Indicators: Grameen Bank does staff evaluation of their work every year and check whether the socio-economic situation of GB members is improving. GB evaluates poverty level of the borrowers using ten indicators. A member is considered to have moved out of poverty if her family fulfils the following criteria: The family lives in a house worth at least Tk. 25,000 (twenty five thousand) or a house with a tin roof, and each member of the family is able to sleep on bed instead of on the floor. Family members drink pure water of tube-wells, boiled water or water purified by using alum, arsenic-free, purifying tablets or pitcher filters. All children in the family over six years of age are all going to school or finished primary school. Minimum weekly loan instalment of the borrower is Tk. 200 or more. Family uses sanitary latrine. Family members have adequate clothing for every day use, warm clothing for winter, such as shawls, sweaters, blankets, etc, and mosquito-nets to protect themselves from mosquitoes. Family has sources of additional income, such as vegetable garden, fruit-bearing trees, etc, so that they are able to fall back on these sources of income when they need additional money. The borrower maintains an average annual balance of Tk. 5,000 in her savings accounts. Family experiences no difficulty in having three square meals a day throughout the year, i.e. no member of the family goes hungry any time of the year. Family can take care of the health. If any member of the family falls ill, family can afford to take all necessary steps to seek adequate healthcare. PESTEL Analysis: There Wahid (1999) are many factors which are affecting the work process and decision making of GB. Tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes are all examples. To analyse these factors we can categorise them by using the PESTEL analysis. This classification distinguishes between: Political: The political condition of Bangladesh is not stable. The opposite part of government never helps their government properly to the welfare of the country. As a result work strike is happening, which affect the working progress of GB. Economical Bangladesh is a developing country. Most of the villagers are considering as poor. Lone interest rate, tax, unemployment, inflation has effect to any business. Basically unemployment and low national income are the main problem, that why GB trying to motivate people to become self employed. Though Bangladesh is a poor economic country grameen bank faced this crisis to move forward their journey. Social In Bangladesh peoples average age is 60 years. A large number of populations of the country are aged and have no activity in the economy. Grameen Bank also working with the working attitude to change it that people can find interest in different job activities. Technological Grameen Phone is another sister organisation of Grameen bank in Bangladesh. Muhammed Yunus bring the technology to the poor village people and give them an opportunity of phone business by doing cheap rate mobile phone call all over the world. Environmental Different environmental issues like global worming have concern in Bangladesh. Grameen bank motivate people to concern about it and also the human health by providing the easy way to make sanitary latrines, pure drinking water which is arsenic free. Legal In their different development program Grameen Bank teach people about their legal rights and law, that people can get more knowledge about their and others rights. SWOT Analysis of Grameen Bank: Strength Village people are the main resource. Trust between bank and customer. Loan with low interest for poor people. Modern technology. Weakness Loan return is difficult sometime. Cant give big amount of loan to the poor people. Sometime face the staff unhappiness. Opportunities Grameen bank a role model for the world. So this bank could expand all over the world. More job field can be created inside and outside of the country. Threats Political instability. Economic inflation. Environmental threats. e.g. cyclone. Conclusion: Grameen Bank is not only for Bangladesh but also a role model for other organisations all over the world. The village poor life style already has been changed by the different activities of this bank. In Bangladesh it has been success in finance and human health sectors. Australia, USA and some African country are trying to follow the Grameen bank.

The War Between The Classes :: essays research papers fc

The War Between the Classes By (Your Name Here) The War Between the Classes is an excellent book written by Gloria D. Miklowitz. It is about a high-school class that plays the â€Å"Color Game†. In the game, there are four social classes which are represented by armbands: Blues – highest, richest; Dark Greens – upper-middle class, semi-rich; Light Greens – lower-middle class, semi-poor; Oranges – lowest class, very poor. To further split up the classes, there are the superior sex, Teks(females), and the inferior sex, No-Teks(males). There are also groups of Color Game â€Å"policemen†, which are older students who played the game in previous years. They record the students’ activities, and record any good or bad behavior, which can result in demotions or promotions. The Color Game runs like this: Lower classes, or No-Teks, must bow when they meet eyes with a higher class, or Tek. Higher classes can give orders to lower classes. Lower c lasses may not speak to a higher class unless spoken to, and can only reply in a short answer. You must have your armband and journal with you at all times. The main character in this book is Emiko â€Å"Amy† Sumoto. She comes from a Japanese family, and her parents believe she should keep the family going by marrying a Japanese boy. Instead, she is interested in a rich, white boy names Adam, which is the opposite of her. In the Color Game, all the Latinos in the class turn out to be high colors, and rich whites end up as lower colors, which are all planned out by their teacher. Although she is used to being treated as a lower person in real life, along with the rest of the Latinos, she doesn’t feel right with the power she has, being one of the most powerful people in the class. She decides to try and unite all the colors to an equal rank. After being demoted from Blue to Orange with Adam, she plans to post â€Å"Unite All Colors† posters all over the school, a nd make quad-colro armbands for all students to wear. Finally she succeeds in doing this, and unites the whole school as one. My favorite part of this book is when Amy and her friend Juan sneak into the school at night and post the posters all over the school. I like this part because it sounds very fun to do, and it’s the only actual action part or the book.

Current Ratio Essay

1) Current Ratio The ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company’s ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. 2) Quick Ratio An indicator of a company’s short-term liquidity. The quick ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. For this reason, the ratio excludes inventories from current assets 3) Asset Turnover Ratio The amount of sales or revenues generated per dollar of assets. The Asset Turnover ratio is an indicator of the efficiency with which a company is deploying its assets. Asset Turnover = Sales or Revenues/Total Assets Generally speaking, the higher the ratio, the better it is, since it implies the company is generating more revenues per dollar of assets. But since this ratio varies widely from one industry to the next, comparisons are only meaningful when they are made for different companies in the same sector. 4) Fixed Turnover Ratio A financial ratio of net sales to fixed assets. The fixed-asset turnover ratio measures a company’s ability to generate net sales from fixed-asset investments – specifically property, plant and equipment (PP&E) – net of depreciation. A higher fixed-asset turnover ratio shows that the company has been more effective in using the investment in fixed assets to generate revenues. The fixed-asset turnover ratio is calculated as: 5) Inventory Turnover Ratio A ratio showing how many times a company’s inventory is sold and replaced over a period. The days in the period can then be divided by the inventory turnover formula to calculate the days it takes to sell the inventory on hand or â€Å"inventory turnover days.† This ratio should be compared against  industry averages. A low turnover implies poor sales and, therefore, excess inventory. A high ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying. High inventory levels are unhealthy because they represent an investment with a rate of return of zero. It also opens the company up to trouble should prices begin to fal 6) Debt Ratio A financial ratio that measures the extent of a company’s or consumer’s leverage. The debt ratio is defined as the ratio of total debt to total assets, expressed in percentage, and can be interpreted as the proportion of a company’s assets that are financed by debt. The higher this ratio, the more leveraged the company and the greater its financial risk. Debt ratios vary widely across industries, with capital-intensive businesses such as utilities and pipelines having much higher debt ratios than other industries like technology. In the consumer lending and mortgage businesses, debt ratio is defined as the ratio of total debt service obligations to gross annual income. 7) Debt Equity Ratio A measure of a company’s financial leverage calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders’ equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. A high debt/equity ratio generally means that a company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. This can result in volatile earnings as a result of the additional interest expense. 8) Equity Multiplier The ratio of a company’s total assets to its stockholder’s equity. The equity multiplier is a measurement of a company’s financial leverage. Companies finance the purchase of assets either through equity or debt, so a high equity multiplier indicates that a larger portion of asset financing is being done through debt. The multiplier is a variation of the debt ratio. 9) Net Profit Ratio A ratio of profitability calculated as net income divided by revenues, or net profits divided by sales. It measures how much out of every dollar of sales  a company actually keeps in earnings. Increased earnings are good, but an increase does not mean that the profit margin of a company is improving. For instance, if a company has costs that have increased at a greater rate than sales, it leads to a lower profit margin. This is an indication that costs need to be under better control. 10) Days Inventory A financial measure of a company’s performance that gives investors an idea of how long it takes a company to turn its inventory (including goods that are work in progress, if applicable) into sales. Generally, the lower (shorter) the DSI the better, but it is important to note that the average DSI varies from one industry to another. Here is how the DSI is calculated: Also known as days inventory outstanding (DIO).  This measure is one part of the cash conversion cycle, which represents the process of turning raw materials into cash. The days sales of inventory is the first stage in that process. The other two stages are days sales outstanding and days payable outstanding. The first measures how long it takes a company to receive payment on accounts receivable, while the second measures how long it takes a company to pay off its accounts payable.

Timeline of Brown v. Board of Education

Timeline of Brown v. Board of Education In 1954, in a unanimous decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state laws segregating public schools for African-American and white children was unconstitutional. The case, known as Brown v. Board of Education overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, which was handed down 58 years earlier. The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling was a landmark case that cemented the inspiration for the Civil Rights Movement.   The case was fought through the legal arm of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) which had been fighting civil rights battles since the 1930s. 1866 The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is established to protect the civil rights of African-Americans. The act guaranteed the right to sue, own property, and contract for work. 1868 The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified. The amendment grants the privilege of citizenship to African-Americans. It also guarantees that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. It also makes it illegal to deny a person equal protection under the law. 1896 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in an 8 to 1 vote that the â€Å"separate but equal† argument presented in the Plessy v. Ferguson case. The Supreme Court rules that if â€Å"separate but equal† facilities were available for both African-American and white travelers there was no violation of the 14th Amendment. Justice Henry Billings Brown wrote the majority opinion, arguing The object of the [Fourteenth] amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to endorse social, as distinguished from political, equality[...] If one race be inferior to the other socially, the Constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane. The sole dissenter, Justice John Marshal Harlan, interpreted the 14th Amendment in another way contending that â€Å"our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.† Harlan’s dissenting argument would support later arguments that segregation was unconstitutional.   This case becomes the basis for legal segregation in the United States. 1909 The NAACP is established by W.E.B. Du Bois and other civil rights activists. The purpose of the organization is to fight racial injustice through legal means. The organization lobbied to legislative bodies to create anti-lynching laws and eradicate injustice in its first 20 years. However, in the 1930s, the NAACP established a Legal Defense and Education Fund to fight legal battles in court. Headed by Charles Hamilton Houston, the fund created a strategy of dismantling segregation in education.   1948   Thurgood Marshall’s strategy of fighting segregation is endorsed by the NAACP Board of Directors.  Marshall’s strategy included tackling segregation in education. 1952 Several school segregation cases- which had been filed in states such as Delaware, Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia and Washington DC- are combined under Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. By combining these cases under one umbrella shows the national significance. 1954 The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rules to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson. The ruling argued that the racial segregation of public school is a violation of the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause. 1955 Several states refuse to implement the decision. Many even consider it, â€Å"[N]ull, void, and no effect† and begin establishing laws arguing against the rule. As a result, the U.S. Supreme Court issues a second ruling, also known as Brown II. This ruling mandates that desegregation must occur â€Å"with all deliberate speed.† 1958 Arkansas’ governor, as well as lawmakers, refuse to desegregate schools. In the case, Cooper v. Aaron  the U.S. Supreme Court remain steadfast by arguing that states must obey its rulings as it is an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.

Hewlett Packard Fort Collins Essays

Hewlett Packard Fort Collins Essays Hewlett Packard Fort Collins Essay Hewlett Packard Fort Collins Essay Fort Collins Division (FCD) was established In February of 1977, headed by Tom Kelley, and known in the beginning as a Calculator Products Group. One year later, the Ft Collins Division produced the HP-250 small business computer system and became known as the Desktop Computer Division (DCD) in august of the same year. In 1979, DCD was HPs most profitable division, reaching revenue of $200M. Their next big leap came in 1983 with the combination of the allied, yet struggling, Engineering Systems Division (ESD). At the time, the ESD was producing the 500 series line of computers. The two combined to form the Fort Collins System Division (FCSD) and produced the first highly-successful 300 series computers. Three years later, the Fort Collins system division reached revenue of 475M in 1988. Introduction Hewlett-Packard is addressing the best approach in manufacturing an upcoming line of 9000HP computers. They assess previously used techniques such as â€Å"repetitive Just-in-Time manufacturing† and â€Å"low volume manufacturing† for the future complex, low-level production line. There are many ways to adapt repetitive manufacturing concepts to lower volume complex products. The following outlines the assessment, incorporation, and feedback experienced by Hewlett-Packard when adopting a JIT manufacturing concept for their line of complex, low-volume, 9000HP computer line. Methodology A common approach to JIT repetitive manufacturing is the progressive assembly line consisting of man and or machine resources. In order to prevent bottlenecks and inventories, these lines are sought to be balanced so that time at each station is equal. The sustainability of a balanced progressive assembly line becomes more difficult with the complexity of the product. Progressive assembly lines are also constrained by the number of operators. This number bust be less than or equal to your number of operators to ensure that each operation or set of operations has at least one resource to perform the task. Additionally, routing must be established that allows the product to flow through all operations. Materials as well as labor are often tracked with work orders rather than batch work orders found in traditional Material Requirements Planning systems (MRP). The complexity of the 9000HP computer line would not typically suite repetitive or JIT manufacturing. Characteristics of progressive assembly lines can be referenced in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Progressive Assembly Line Visual Adversely, low volume manufacturing areas are not concerned with line balancing because each operation is done in batch rather than piece-part as result of variety and or complexity of builds. These batch quantities are then moved to the next operation’s queue or placed into stock. When encountering a shortage, low volume batch manufacturing can still progress because of the independence of the operations. Unlike progressive assembly lines, there are typically many operations to be performed by a fewer number of people. This allows for one operator to work on one job until completion of the batch, flow the material onwards, and work on another. Lower volume batch processes can be seen in Figure 2 below. Figure 2: Low Volume Batch Processing In order to accomplish JIT manufacturing with low volume, the proper precautions must be regarded and the issues discussed above must be addressed. The list below outlines the greatest differences between low volume batch processes and high volume repetitive manufacturing: * Operation times measured in hours/days * Flow is disconnected * Operations disconnected * People cross-trained in operations * Number of people lt;= Number of operations * Line balance is not a factor * Work order batch accounting used to track material and labor * Process is flexible and can build various products * Batch scheduling The desktop computer family for the 9000HP line contains six million configurations made from nineteen different logical choices, twenty-seven major sub assemblies. The product family has 3,000 part numbers excluding parts needed for more intricate circuit board assemblies and cathode ray tube parts. The assembly of a HP9000 requires 10-20 hours of labor, depending on the configuration, and initial cycle time of approximately 40 workings hours (or fifty-two times per year). This cycle time includes all operations performed, starting with the printed circuit operation and ending with shipment. Hewlett-Packard determined that a traditional batch system was undesirable because of the lengthy cycle times, process inflexibility, and inventory implications. However, the complexity of the 9000HP coupled with low volume builds proves also poor for a progressive assembly line. Conclusively, by isolating the differences between JIT assembly and low volume batching, HP began their approach to a continuous flow customized production technique. The installation of a kanban system and material requirements planning are utilized for shop floor scheduling and purchasing while eliminating the need of work orders. In 1980, HP successfully links the benefits of JIT manufacturing and total quality control (TQC) during an implementation of three separate phases. Abstract Phase I of manufacturing the HP9000 began with a layout of tactics that HP set out to emulate. By minimizing vendors, HP would be able to ensuring material availability. They also wanted to ensure process control by developing quality procedures and rapid feedback problems. Finally and perhaps most importantly, selecting machinery and equipment to minimize setup time while maximizing flexibility and allowing for lot sizes of one. Therefore, Phase I of the HP9000 JIT-TQC implementation consisted of a closed-loop transporter and carousel for stockroom material located on the production line as seen in Figure 3. By installing the transporter and carousel, HP would be able to build the complex product, maintain flexibility, and achieve one at a time production with kanban control. Figure 3: HP9000 Line Continuous Flow Customized Production HP experienced much success with the installation of Phase I such as; low and sustained lot sizes and a decrease of work in process by 50 percent on average. However, overwhelming concern for labor tracking by operation caused the Phase I approach to be abandoned during the incorporation of Phase II just twenty-one months later. Changes in the company allowed for reexamination of the JIT-TQC link and the implementation of Phase II. The Fort Collins Division shuffled their tactics and simplified their objectives to achieve improvement. The decision was made to eliminate the transporter and carousel to save space and improve asset turnover. HP also set out to make TQC efforts more rigorous and use kanban to link final assembly and circuit board operations under JIT principles. Results of Phase II included the sustained low kanban quantities, averaging one and sometimes achieving zero. Output has also risen substantially and the induction of more rigorous quality control proved to be successful with the causes of waste and poor quality eliminated. This has consequently lead to substantial rises in output. Shortly after the implementation of Phase II, Hewlett-Packard Fort Collins Division redefined their manufacturing objectives to better sustain profitability, thus giving rise to the third and final phase – Phase III. New objectives included; maximizing product quality, maximizing product delivery, and minimizing product cost. HP wanted to extend their vision statement and convert all manufacturing to JIT and even begin JIT kanban with suppliers. Conclusion Results of Phase III had not yet been published but today, Hewlett-Packard has successfully converted all product lines to JIT manufacturing and reduced the cost of inventory held from $670,000 to a mere $20,000 within their circuit board line specifically. HP’s influence spans over nearly six decades and even with the company’s humble beginnings, HP has grown into a computer empire; influencing several countries and industries over the course of their existence.

Oral Film History Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oral Film History Report - Essay Example 8. Did you read any film magazines (which ones?) or write fan letters? 9. Is there anything special that they think you should know about the movies before 1990? 10. How did film-going differ then compared to now? Oral History Essay Few days ago I interviewed my friend’s mother Ms. Emma, who was born in 1967, and she has just celebrated her 46th birthday on May 30th 2013. Ms Emma is a very fun loving person. She was born in Chicago and had a fun filled childhood with her family and friends in her growing age. Now she stays in Manhattan with her husband and children. Ms. Emma tells about how she spent her teenage phase when going to movie was really fun and full of enjoyment. It was a pleasure to hear her become nostalgic about her teens and talk about how movies played a significant role during her young years. When I asked about her favorite film or actor that marked her adolescence, Ms. Emma replied that she loved this movie called â€Å"The Breakfast Club†. It has ma de a great impact during her adolescence period because this movie was all about five high school students from different origin and about their evolving friendship. The movie depicted friends who met in Chicago; all the occasions in it were just like the real incidents happening in Chicago at that time. She said that as on a growing up teenager this type of movies related to school and friends made a realistic effect on her life. Another movie she loved to watch that time was â€Å"High School† though it was little old one but she liked it a lot. She explained that this was documentary film by director Fredrick Wiseman that showed some cases from the usual days in Northeast High School, their teachers and students relationship. While growing up she watched this movie several times as it used to come on television and during that tender age it manifested her thoughts deeply. Ms. Emma while explaining all these seemed very happy and was thoroughly enjoying the conversation. Yo ung girls often have infatuation or an attraction towards, so I was eager to know if she had any such experience regarding any of the teen actors or actor of her age at that time. When I asked about her crush on any teen actor, she said actually she liked most of the movie actors which she watched and did not have crush on any particular teen actor. The main movie theaters were on the Division Street Road. Ms. Emma said when she was in her teens, she and her friends used to watch the movies in the morning shows because the ticket price cost less than evening and night shows at that time. Division Street Road where the theaters were located was in the downtown which was around 2hrs journey from Ms. Emma’s house. So if Ms. Emma and her friends wanted to watch a movie they need to make prior arrangements for that. They have things to eat and drink. Ms. Emma said sometimes they had group of friends and families who went for movies together. Going for movie was like a day outing f or them and they had lots of fun. I was curious to know if she watched movies just for fun or did she have a choice for any specific genre. I was interested to know whether she was interested more in thriller or horror or romantic comedies as the choice of genre sometimes determines a person’s nature and overall interests. So when I asked about her favorite genre, director or stars she was very excited and without any second thought she replied that she had a huge crush on Tom Hanks. Ms. Emma said Tom Hanks is among the highest paid all time box office star. I

Avon Products or GE Money America Case Study Term Paper

Avon Products or GE Money America Case Study - Term Paper Example These issues convince the public and economists that the CEO of Avon Products, Sherilyn McCoy and the rest of the organisation may fail to resuscitate the company's dwindling fortunes, despite McCoy's exemplary leadership record at Johnson & Johnson and other pharmaceuticals (Goldsmith and Carter, 10). At the same time, the company's need for change and restructuring is based on the very company's uncertainty. This is because, despite the qualifications and performance track record that McCoy possesses, yet it is true that Sherilyn McCoy lacks experience which is directly related to sales. In the same wavelength, McCoy's unfamiliarity with the Avon Products' business model means that she will have to face a seriously steep learning curve (Goldsmith and Carter, 16). It is also pointed out that Avon Products lacks adequate and proper resources and manpower to make it in a dynamic market that is graced with seasoned companies such as L'Oreal, for competitors. 2. Identifying the Model fo r Change Theory Typified In the Case Study of Choice The model that can best change theory that is likely to help Avon Products' situation is the planned model. Change theory will also readily necessitate the need to take on the use of decision theory. This is because decision theory suggests that people satisfice during decision making, as collective participation during decision making amplifies room for change. According to Rossotti, this recommendation above involves making plans for changes that need to be developed in order to: define measurable goals; outline the strategic factors that are determinants of success; detail the steps that are to be taken in organisational implementation; and outlining the manner in which commitment is to be realised from chief decision makers (Rossotti, 75). In regard to the proposition above, it will be important that Avon Products refocuses its energies and focus on its client base. This proposition is necessitated by the fact that Avon Produc ts is clearly turning away from focusing on market-centred exploits. It is only by following the change theory strategy that Avon Products will be able to effectively use emerging social media and technologies to make operations more customer-centric. This exploit will help the company identify the most valuable strategies such as direct contacts with potential and prospective client. Discussing Factors That Led To the Identification of the Model Chosen There are several factors that qualify the need to choose the change/ decision theory. The most fundamental of these reasons is the manner in which market trends are becoming too pervasive to be ignored in market competition. Particularly, the online social media has become an indispensible tool in for sales and marketing. The number of consumers who are buying cosmetics and perfumes online continues to increase by the day, and Avon Products must not ignore this phenomenon. Avon Products' arch rivals such as L'Oreal, Sephora, Beauty, Mary Kay and Drugstore have already gone to online marketing as a way of netting in a bigger clients' base. Avon Products' successful initiatives of developing e-catalogues and android and iPhone applications are not enough to net clients in social media, and those on tablets and smart phones. This will call for the application of change theory in Avon Products' chain and systems policy of communication.