Evidence-based Assessment of ADHD in Children Essay

Evidence-based Assessment of ADHD in Children - Essay Example negatively affect the child’s academic performance and self-esteem including the child’s relationship with family members and friends (Hoza et al., 2005; Hazelwood, Bovingdon, & Tiemens, 2002). ADHD can also lead to behavioural problems which often make the child unable to socialize with other people (Kerns et al., 2001). In rare cases, Fleischmann et al. (2005) found out that approximately 20.8% of the suicidal cases in young people have disruptive behaviour disorder which is related to ADHD. In the absence of proper treatment such as medicine and behavioural therapy, children with ADHD could cause behavioural problems not only at home but also in school, work, and relationship with the opposite sex. Eventually, the negative effects of ADHD could cause a child to become depressed, frustrated, or engage with the use of illegal drugs if left untreated. To effectively provide children with ADHD with proper treatment, early detection of ADHD is important. Concerning the increasing number of ADHD throughout the United Kingdom, this study will focus on assessing some of the evidenced-based assessment method used in detecting ADHD in children. In the process of going through the main discussion, evidences behind the psychological assessment of ADHD in children will be evaluated. As part of assessing whether a child has ADHD, medical professionals would often use analogue methods such as conduct an interview with the child, go through the patient’s medical history which includes issues related to social, emotional, educational, and behaviour of the child, physical exam, and the use of behaviour rating and/or checklist in detecting ADHD (Kooij et al., 2008; Parker & Benedict, 2002; ; Forbes, 2001; Barkley, 1991). Likewise, laboratory measures such as the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Gordon Diagnostic System – a self-contained computer device can also be utilized in detecting symptoms of ADHD (Kelley, Noell, & Reitman, 2002, p. 28; Barkley,

How Can Civic Education Enhances Civil Society Essay Example for Free

How Can Civic Education Enhances Civil Society Essay Civic education is very essential to each and every citizen in a civil society. Therefore it must be noticeable. Civic education contributes to the well-being of society. This presentation is aimed at discussing how civic education can enhance civil society. The key concepts in this presentation are civic education and civil society. Therefore it is important to know the meaning of these two terms. Civic education is the field of study dealing with rights and responsibilities of citizenship as well as the responsibilities of the government. It deals with the commitment, assumptions, values and challenges of the national and civil society at large (Mwaipaya 1980). A Civil society is a public place between the states the market and the ordinary household, in which people debate and tackles action. Civic education enhances civil society in many ways, as one of the components is civic knowledge which it imparts in the citizen of the civil society. If the civil society are aware of their rights and if they know what to do it is very easy for them to participate in various activities of the civil society. Civic education imparts knowledge on democracy among the citizen of the civil society; democracy simply means a dialogue, a discussion, and a deliberative process in which citizen engage themselves in question about civic knowledge like what are the foundation of that particular civil society, and if the civil society will have knowledge on democracy issues it will improve. Hence this knowledge about democracy can only be imparted to the civil society through civic education and by doing so it is enhancing the needs of a civil society (Brookers etal 1980). Civic education also enhances civil society in terms of democracy because it is through civic education that we know and explain to others on how democracy acts and depends on certain basic values like respect for individual, the right to participate in the implementation of politics and development programmes, therefore if people in a civil society have knowledge about these rights and responsibilities, the civil society will be improved. Civic education can enhance the civil society because of its civic skills, if citizens are able to exercise their rights and discharge their responsibilities as members of self-governing communities, they are only need to acquire relevant intellectual and participatory skills, when we say intellectual skills these are essential for informed, effective and inseparable citizen from content, to be able to think critically about contemporary relevance as well as command of a set of an intellectual tools or considerations useful in dealing with such an issue. Hence if the society will have civic skills it will automatically be enhanced and there will be quick development in that particular civil society (Z.C.E.A, 2004). Another intellectual skill which good civic education fosters is that of describing. The ability to describe functions and processes such as legislative checks and balances or judicial review is indicative of understanding, describing trends like participation in civil lif e, immigration or employment helps the citizens fit current events into longer term pattern (Patterson, 2001). Civic education seeks to develop competence in explaining and analyzing issues, if citizen can explain how something should work, they will be able to analyze things as the components and consequences of ideals, social, political or economic processes and institutions. The ability to analyze enables one to distinguish between facts and opinion or between means and ends. It also helps the citizen to clarify responsibilities such as those between personal and public responsibilities or those between elected or appointed officials and citizens, therefore this can only happens if people in a civil society have civil skills and by having these skills in a civil society means that civic education is doing its job of enhancing the civil society (African Development Bank Achieving Millennium Development Goals in Global poverty, 2002). Furthermore, civic education enhances civil society through the component of civic skills, in such a way that education for citizenship in a democratic society focuses on civic skills that are required for informed, effective and responsible participation in the political process and in civil society, those skills can be categorized as interacting, monitoring and influencing. Interacting pertains to the skills citizen need to communicate and to work cooperatively with others. To interact is to be responsive to one’s fellow citizens, to interact is to question, to answer and to deliberate with civility, therefore if people be able to interact and question others toward certain common good the civil society will be enhanced. Monitoring politics and government simply refers to the skills citizens need to track the handling of issues by the political process and by the government. Monitoring also means the exercising of over sight functions on the part of citizens. Finally the participatory skill of influencing refers to the capacity to affect the process of politics and governance, both the formal processes of governance in the community (Mwaipaya, 1986). Civic education can improve and enhance our civil society through the component of civic dispositions essential traits of private and public character. This is important to the maintenance and improvement of constitutional democracy. Civic dispositions, like civic skills, develop slowly overtime and as a result of what one learns and experience in the home, school and organizations of civil society. These experiences should engender understanding that democracy requires the responsible self -governance of each individual worth and their dignity. One cannot exist without the other. Traits of private character such as moral responsibility, self -discipline and respect for the worth and human dignity of every individuals are no less consequential. Such traits as public spiritedness, civility, and respect for the rule of law, critical mindedness to listen, negotiate and compromise are indispensible to democracy success (Patterson, 2001). Civic education can enhance civil society due to civic dispositions that contribute to the political efficiency of the individual, the healthy functioning of the political system, a sense of dignity and worthy as well as the common good were identified in national standards for civics and government. In the interest of brevity, these dispositions are private and public character might be described as becoming an independent member of the society, assuming the personal, political and economic responsibilities of a citizen, respecting individual worth and human dignity (respecting others and listen to their opinions). Also participating in civil affairs in a thoughtful and effective manner as well as promoting the healthy functioning of constitutional democracy (Todaro etal 2009) Therefore, it can be noted that civic dispositions as a component or the habits of the heart , the traits of the public and private character that under-greed democracy are in the long run, probably of more consequence than the knowledge or skills a citizen may command (Z.C.E.A, 2004). In conclusion, civil society can be enhanced by civic education through its components (civic knowledge, civic skills and civic dispositions). Civic education is therefore very important to the lives of citizens in a civil society and it must be noticeable.

Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 and Modern World Essay -- Compare Contra

Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 and Modern World The futuristic world that Ray Bradbury, author of Fahrenheit 451, so vividly describes is frighteningly close to our own. It might not seem so at first glance, but if you take a closer look, you'll find that Bradbury wasn't far off the mark with his idea of what our lives would be like in 50 years. As he envisioned, technology would be extremely sophisticated, families would start becoming distant, and entertainment would take a more significant role in our lives. The problems at the present might not be as extreme as Bradbury's, however, if left unchecked, they could grow to be just as monstrous as he predicted. Since the 1950's, scientists and engineers have made enormous advances in the world of technology. Back then, computers were still becoming common, and now pretty much every family has at least one. As technology becomes more widespread, people find excuses to buy more of it and become sucked into a world of digital screens, cell phones, and electronic planners, rather than that of notebooks, pencils, and good old-fashioned face-to-face conversations. Although it is tremendously useful in numerous ways, it is unsettling to think of how in-control technology is of our lives. Would you be able to last a whole day without using your telephone, operating your computer, listening to your CD's, or enjoying that nice warm beverage that's been heated by your microwave? The answer is probably no. Even though you might not think that technology has power over your life, if you look carefully, you'll find you're mistaken. Do you know what "family time" is? How often do you spend time with your family? Do you enjoy it? Would you rather be somewhere else?... ...uation would be extremely close to how Bradbury envisioned it. I think Ray Bradbury sums all this up in a quote from the book: "Life is immediate, the job counts, pleasure lies about after work. Why learn anything save pressing buttons, pulling switches, fitting nuts and bolts?" This shows that people are gradually thinking less and less. They want life to be easy. They want their technology; they want their entertainment. They don't want to be intellectually stimulated. We can still prevent our future from becoming like that of the book. How? The answer is extremely simple: Think. Use your brain for knowledge, not watching TV and playing video games. Read as many books as you can. Pay attention in school. Someday you'll be glad you did. As Isaac Asimov so wisely said, "If knowledge can create problems, it is not through ignorance that we can solve them.

Anne Hutchinson :: essays research papers fc

ANNE HUTCHINSON Anne Hutchinson made the journey to the New World to break away from the Church of England. Anne wanted to feel free to express her increasingly Puritan views. Upon expressing these views, the government of Massachusetts believed that Anne was a great threat to the social and political order of Massachusetts Bay. Anne Hutchinson had claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man (Cohen, 47). Anne was basically telling the people that if they were already chosen by God to go to heaven, it did not matter whether they attended church because they were already chosen to go to heaven. Her claim also meant that if they were not chosen by God to go to heaven, it did not matter if they went to church because they were already chosen to go to hell. This also meant that they didn’t have to listen to the law of man. This was a great threat towards the government of Massachusetts. If all peoples were to live by what Anne claimed, there would not be any law-abiding citizens. The whole state would turn into a state of corruption. The government of Massachusetts was not going to let this happen. It was the very life of the colony that they should have conformity. They had to protect the unity of the colony. The government felt that Anne challenged all male supremacy. Women like Anne Hutchinson, strong-willed and very talkative, were unheard of during this time period, and had no real place in society. The role of a woman during the colonization period of the New World was basically that of a housewife. The chief duty as a wife was to her husband and children. Gathering a select group at her home, she would review and even reinterpret the ministers’ sermons in the light of her own brand of Calvinism (Bailey, 45). She taught them that every person could ask and receive an answer from God if they would listen. If Anne would continue to express her thoughts amongst other women, all women would become a challenge to all male supremacy. The government of Massachusetts was forbidding letting this happen to their society.

Local Coffee Shops and Chain Coffee Shops Essay

Coffee shops have always been important for British people. When they want to read a book and newspapers ,meet new people, follow commodity prices, have knowledge of political issues, learn about what others think of a new book, be aware of the latest scientific and technological developments, have a chat with friends, they are going to coffee shops. In the past, there were only local coffee shops which are also named as high street coffee shops. Nevertheless, today, the number of coffee shop chains is increasing dramatically. Therefore, it becomes so difficult for the owners of the high street coffee shops to run their own businesses. This will be analyzed by comparing the upside and the downside of both shop types in this essay. First of all, giant companies have the advantage of a location which can be more convenient and also easier for locals, in particular students, to shop quickly. For instance, a big company can set up a coffee shop in such a good place like in a shopping park or a centre, in a train or a bus station, in an airport and in a popular street of a town centre, however, this is usually not possible for a local business person. Secondly, the latter has got the advantage of a popular brand name, but the former does not have this opportunity. Finally, giant corporations’ coffee shops are more modern and organized than local ones. On the other hand, there are some advantages of high street coffee shops. For example, a high street coffee shop has got a better atmosphere than a shop of a chain. The staff of local one is more friendly and hospitable. In addition, in a local coffee shop, most customers know each other and they can make new friends and discuss whatever they want with other customers. Thus, they feel more comfortable in these local shops. However, it is obviously difficult to provide a friendly environment in a giant corporation’s coffee shop because the personnel are more formal when they deal with customers. Also, people can get a delicious meal and a cup of coffee with a cheaper price in local shops compared to others. To sum up, even though there are some advantages of local coffee shops, particularly a kindly atmosphere of them, it is still challenging for them to compete with giant corporations. However, I believe that, in order to keep local coffee shops alive, there are some measures which can be taken. For instance, councils can reduce the amount of the rates and the rents for local businesses. Besides, all shopping centers should be outside of towns and local people should encouraged to go to local coffee shops.

The Protestant Reformation essays

The Protestant Reformation essays Martin Luther was the most important person in the Reformation of the Catholic Church. He was a German monk. He posted his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. This showed how he stood up against the church and criticized it for all of its faults. He criticized the Catholic Church for the sale of indulgences, and the failure of the church to meet the needs of the people of Europe. The church at this time was unable to satisfy the people spiritually and intellectually. He felt that only two of the seven sacraments were true to Christianity, as was written the Bible. He became the leader in the rebellion against the Catholic Church, and the leader in the formation of the Protestant Religion. His ideas and revolt against the church helped the people of Europe to break free from the power of guilt that the Catholic Church held over them. Though he was a major religious reformer, Luther did not want to reform society. The Protestant Reformation that he started was simply a release from Catholicism for Europeans, and into a free, less complicated religious life. Ulrich Zwingli was the leader of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland. He led the Protestant religion to its stature of popularity with the Swiss. By 1518, Zwingli, like Luther, protested the sale of indulgences. He was a strong believer and enforcer of the belief that if an idea could not be supported by an ancient scripture, then it should not be believed or practiced. With Zwingli's reforms in the church in Switzerland, the people began to question society, much like the followers of Luther. They began to question transubstantiation, saints, celibacy, and sacraments, as well as other religious ideas. Zwingli's influence opened up new doors for reform and thinking for the Swiss people, much like Luther did for a majority of Europe. John Calvin was another Protestant reformer from Germany that created the new religion of Calvinism with...

The Story of the Tea Party V essays

The Story of the Tea Party V essays When thinking of the Revolutionary War and our nations founding heros, names such as George Washington, John Hancock, James Madison, and Samuel Adams tend to come to mind. Although these men were great contributors, they were also of high rank, high education, and high society. Many of the commonplace individuals that also took part tend to be overlooked. In The Shoemaker and the Tea Party, Alfred F. Young tells the story of one of these ordinary individuals- George Twelve Hewes, and explores his involvement in the Boston Tea Party and the Revolution. Between the years 1768 and 1775 Hewes became an active Boston participant in the events that led to the Revolution. Several important factors led to his involvement. First, The presence of British troops in Boston beginning in the summer of 1768- four thousand soldiers in a town of fewer than sixteen thousand inhabitants- touched Hewes personally. (36) These soldiers occupied civilian buildings near Hewes shop, and bullied the townspeople after curfew. Hewes was also personally cheated by a soldier, and witnessed a soldier raping a Boston woman. This in and of itself left a bitter mind-set towards the British troops existence in Boston, with more infuriating events to come. From Hawkes and Thatcher three (additional) causes can be pieced together.(37) On February 23, a large crowd of schoolboys and apprentices were picketing the shop of Theophilus Lilly.(37) Eleven-year-old Christopher Seider was shot and killed by a customs informer, Ebenezer Richardson. This event outraged the people of Boston. Second, Hewes called attention to the bitter fight two days before the Massacre between soldiers and workers down the block from Hewess shop. During this fight, the soldiers were beaten and wanted revenge. Third, the precipitating events on the night of the Massacre, by Hewess account, were an attempt by a barb...

Free Essays on Which Road

Which road you choose makes you who you are. Everyone is a traveler, and his or her journey is life. There is never a straight path that leaves one with a sole direction in which to head. Regardless of the original message that Robert Frost had intended to convey, his poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, has left its readers with many different interpretations. It is one’s past, present, and the attitude with which he looks upon his future that determines light that he will see the poem in. In any case, this poem clearly demonstrates Frost’s belief that it is the road a person chooses that makes him the man he is. Frost says, â€Å"and sorry I could not travel both†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is always difficult to make a decision because it is impossible not to wonder about the opportunity cost, what will be missed out on. There is a strong sense of regret before the choice is even made. The knowledge that in one lifetime it is impossible to travel down every path is upsetting to some people. In an attempt to make a decision, the traveler â€Å"looks down one as far as I could†. The road that will be chosen leads to the unknown, as does any choice in life. As much as he may strain his eyes to see what is down the road, eventually it surpasses his vision and he can never really see where the road is going to lead. The path that he chooses will set him off on his journey and decide where he is going. â€Å"Then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim†. What made it have the better claim is that â€Å"it was grassy and wanted wear†. It was something obviously not for everyone because it seemed that the majority of people took the other path. Therefore, he calls it â€Å"the road less traveled by†. The fact that the traveler took this path over the more popular is a clear indicator as to his character. He is very secure and doesn’t necessarily need to follow the crowd but would rather do his own thi... Free Essays on Which Road Free Essays on Which Road Which road you choose makes you who you are. Everyone is a traveler, and his or her journey is life. There is never a straight path that leaves one with a sole direction in which to head. Regardless of the original message that Robert Frost had intended to convey, his poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, has left its readers with many different interpretations. It is one’s past, present, and the attitude with which he looks upon his future that determines light that he will see the poem in. In any case, this poem clearly demonstrates Frost’s belief that it is the road a person chooses that makes him the man he is. Frost says, â€Å"and sorry I could not travel both†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is always difficult to make a decision because it is impossible not to wonder about the opportunity cost, what will be missed out on. There is a strong sense of regret before the choice is even made. The knowledge that in one lifetime it is impossible to travel down every path is upsetting to some people. In an attempt to make a decision, the traveler â€Å"looks down one as far as I could†. The road that will be chosen leads to the unknown, as does any choice in life. As much as he may strain his eyes to see what is down the road, eventually it surpasses his vision and he can never really see where the road is going to lead. The path that he chooses will set him off on his journey and decide where he is going. â€Å"Then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim†. What made it have the better claim is that â€Å"it was grassy and wanted wear†. It was something obviously not for everyone because it seemed that the majority of people took the other path. Therefore, he calls it â€Å"the road less traveled by†. The fact that the traveler took this path over the more popular is a clear indicator as to his character. He is very secure and doesn’t necessarily need to follow the crowd but would rather do his own thi...

The choice of toy(s) is up to you (except for Barbie). You can analyze Research Paper

The choice of toy(s) is up to you (except for Barbie). You can analyze gender-neutral toys. To what extent, if any, is gender-sp - Research Paper Example These gender norms define what acceptable masculine and feminine behaviors are in a given culture. Likewise the way in which a person becomes a part of society in the form of a male or female is the gender identity. It defines who we really are and becomes an integral part of our inner selves (Ryle, 2011). We may say that the process of gender socialization begins right at the time of our birth, when parents name their kids and we are assigned either a boy or a girl attribute. Then as a child grows he/she begins to understand the distinct specifics of both genders through, for example the surrounding events, interactions, education and entertainment. Family conditions and norms also shape up the gender role. This may include different treatments for siblings of other genders, like a boy may be allowed to go out more often than his sister, and perhaps the sister being scolded less harshly than her brother. The surrounding environment also play a great role, for example the color room, either blue or pink, may define the gender roles for children at an early stage. Then there is a wide variety of gender-specific toys and there preference for kids, like Barbie dolls versus Power Rangers. Gender-specific role is also emphasized in boys and girls through their gatherings and there topic of conversations. Boys often meet and play in larger groups as compared to girls’ preference for small groups and they often exchange information that is completely different. Through these differences we gradually collect information throughout our lives that define distinct gender roles. Hence interaction through the process of gender-socialization is important in defining the gender-specific roles. The above discussion is a brief reflection on what most of the social constructionists believe. They believe that the gender-specific roles are indeed learned through society and experience. They believe that certain behaviors such as ferocity and aggressiveness are more characte ristic of masculine than feminine gender, so boys often prefer to go with toys like cars, guns that fire fake bullets, robots and action figures etc. Conversely feminine gender is more characteristic of beauty, spontaneity, emotionality and like emotions hence they prefer toys like Barbie dolls, kitchen sets etc. However, Deborah Blum argues that the biology does play an important role in defining gender roles and establishing gender role identities. This is discussed in the following part of the paper. It has been experimentally shown that even very little kids respond different to the gender-specific toys. While this might be a great hint that some of the gender differences are biological and in-born, we cannot deny that socialization plays a major role in distinguishing gender roles after the birth. So it is rarely just one thing that accounts for the cumulative effect. We may view it as an interaction of genes with the environment. So to think that gender is entirely dependent o n socialization may be misleading because some of the differences are natural and in-born (Ridley, 2004). How Toys Promote Traditional Gender Roles There are rich and obvious sex differences in children toys and these are same across majority of cultures. Girls are heightened to play with dolls

Canadian Tire Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadian Tire Corporation - Essay Example epartments include Canadian Tire Retail, PartSource Automotive Stores, Online Store, Financial Services, Mark’s Work Wearhouse, Canadian Tire Petroleum and Forzani Group Ltd. These divisions form the entire Canadian Tire Corporation. Each of these divisions performs specific and designated functions. The company’s management structure is held by CEO as the highest management authority. The CEO is the overall authority in the organization. This corporation has six directors amongst which two are independent. Under the CEO are several executive officers which includes Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President for Finance, Chief Operating Officer, Financial Services President for Canadian Tire Bank, Executive Vice President, Customer Experience and Automotive, Executive Vice President for Supply Chain and Technology, President of Forzani Group Ltd Sports, President of Mark’s and Executive Vice President for the Canadian Tire Corporation, President of Canadian Tire Retail, Senior Vice President for Communications and Corporate Affairs, Senior Vice President for Information Technology and Chief Information Officer. There is a Treasure who operates under Chief Financial Officer. FGL Sports have its own Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. These are groups behind the successful existence of this Corporation. Canadian Tire Corporation is a parent company that incorporates several children companies under its custodianship. The company deals in retail services in Canada with its head office in Toronto, Ontario (http://www.theofficialboard.com, n.p). The company had revenue of $12.9 billion in 2013. Currently it is the leading retail company in the entire Canada with over fifty eight thousand. Canadian Tire Corporation has a rich history behind it since its conception. The company has been in existence for over 90-years. Canadian Tire Corporation Started back in 1923 after the sale of Hamilton Tire and Garage Ltd by

Business Intelligence Application Design Case Study

Business Intelligence Application Design - Case Study Example The integrated business intelligence constructions from most design companies are not described as organic, but they emerge because of incorporating proprietary business intelligence technologies (Mantyla and Gerwitz, 2009). BI applications are a critical part of the organization’s definition giving vital information or data to various branches of the enterprise (Gale Research Company and Gale Research In., 1978). Information Technology departments should ensure that challenges facing the growth of business intelligence applications are identified and corrected. Information consumption in an organization increases with the development of new technologies. When the problems related to information flow are tackled in a professional and timely manner, the enterprise will realize business intelligence standardization (Prabhu, 2011). Figure 1: The integrated design created to define the new composition of enterprise BI, and aid organizations grow from past descriptions of poor business intelligence technologies and ineffective departmental business intelligence applications Since 1990s, business intelligence products and applications were represented formatively. During this era, enterprises realized that they had to include various BI competencies to meet the increasing user needs. Consequently, the range of business intelligence competencies can be combined into ‘Schemes of BI’ platforms (these contain five different sets) (Khosrowpour, 2005). The schemes of business intelligence platforms are: (1) data mining-advanced analysis; (2) OLAP and visual analysis; (3) enterprise reporting; (4) scorecards and dashboards; and (5) alerts and mobile Apps. Considering the changing market demand, a number of business intelligence developers create various products designed to cater for the requirements of the listed schemes of business intelligence (Mantyla and Gerwitz, 2009). Several companies have embraced various products of

Social media and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social media and Democracy - Essay Example Political activists use the internet hubs to spread the news of their parties and news of the election. Political activism on the internet has risen all over the world since the 9/11 attack in America. Activists against terror attacks are particularly spreading the word through the internet. The inception of Facebook into the internet has helped and made the activists get a bigger platform to express their views. Popular news networks such as CNN and BBC have Facebook accounts with more than 33million Facebook likes combined. The news networks use the media outlet to communicate the latest news to their fans. The use of social media has made it easy and faster for the news to reach people rather than waiting for prime time to get the news. During the American election season of 2008, new technologies that enabled individuals to participate in online communities’ discussions emerged (Yamamoto, 2010 p. 609). Facebook was very popular by this time, and most politicians used it to pass the message to their supporters. Arguments and trending topics of the political nature were popular among the sites. Twitter is a social network that is more of a mini-blogging site. Individuals can communicate and lay out their thoughts to their followers. Politicians and business people have Twitter accounts where they share news with their followers (Jewitt, 2009 p. 232). Popular news networks are on Twitter that they use to communicate any breaking news. Twitter is a good platform for news networks to convey their messages to people. The 2012 elections in America had a huge coverage on Twitter. There was sharing of opinions, and the use of the hashtag made it easier to reach a large group of people. Politicians shared their agendas for the nation, and it was of big help to them. Twitter increases the popularity of an individual, hence spreading more news countrywide and worldwide. The war and accident

Evaluation of the strategy of undertaken role-play Essay

Evaluation of the strategy of undertaken role-play - Essay Example As this was the first discipline after the company's introduction of Dignity at Work programme, utmost care was taken not to punish any employee without proper reason. The decision had to be made after considering the situation of such an incident, the character and the employment record of the accused. Role-play decided the existence of the employees in the company and their other increments. As a manager I had to make sure both the employees were given chance to express their opinion and the reason for such incident. The strategy of analyzing the employee's record was a commendable action, since it helped in analyzing the reason for the problem and also to know about the character of the employee. (Dubrin, 2008). The company has been supportive to its employees in all the situations and the decisions were made to suit the needs of the employees. This issue was handled by keeping in mind that it should not happen again. The strategy of examining the employee record helped in knowing that the employee's record is clear and he has not made such mistakes before. The major aim of the strategy was to make a decision depending on the employee's response. The strategy of the role-play was selected after analyzing the employee's future and the company's rules and regulations. The main idea of the strategy was to include the members from the human resource team. ... The strategy was planned in such a way that the employee was given a chance to explain the situation and to satisfy the members in the role-play. If he was found to be innocent the matter would be solved by simply interacting with both the employees. If the employee was found to be rude and does not accept his fault, the action has to be taken according to the discipline at work programme. As a manager I had to ensure that the discipline at work programme and its rules had to be maintained. In any case the company's policies had to be respected and the employees had to be treated according to the company's norms. The strategy included the interaction in the discipline interview. Since the decision was based on the employee's behavior at the time of the interview, the management did not have any idea how to resolve the issue. The interview was conducted according to the planned strategy. The planned strategy included the analyzing of employee's behavior and his approach towards the management's intervention with this problem. The interview was held with the employees, a union member and the important people of the management. According to the strategy, the interaction started with John explaining the reason for such behavior. During the interview the management was able to find that Norman had already been rude to John and this was an outcome of the torture that John experienced for a couple of months. The strategy was planned in such a way that the employees had to interact with the management and explain the reason for the incident.(Dubrin, 2008). The strategy of permitting John to accept his mistake and apologize was a sensible idea, as this will help in resolving the issue immediately. Another important aspect of the strategy was to take

Social media and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social media and Democracy - Essay Example Political activists use the internet hubs to spread the news of their parties and news of the election. Political activism on the internet has risen all over the world since the 9/11 attack in America. Activists against terror attacks are particularly spreading the word through the internet. The inception of Facebook into the internet has helped and made the activists get a bigger platform to express their views. Popular news networks such as CNN and BBC have Facebook accounts with more than 33million Facebook likes combined. The news networks use the media outlet to communicate the latest news to their fans. The use of social media has made it easy and faster for the news to reach people rather than waiting for prime time to get the news. During the American election season of 2008, new technologies that enabled individuals to participate in online communities’ discussions emerged (Yamamoto, 2010 p. 609). Facebook was very popular by this time, and most politicians used it to pass the message to their supporters. Arguments and trending topics of the political nature were popular among the sites. Twitter is a social network that is more of a mini-blogging site. Individuals can communicate and lay out their thoughts to their followers. Politicians and business people have Twitter accounts where they share news with their followers (Jewitt, 2009 p. 232). Popular news networks are on Twitter that they use to communicate any breaking news. Twitter is a good platform for news networks to convey their messages to people. The 2012 elections in America had a huge coverage on Twitter. There was sharing of opinions, and the use of the hashtag made it easier to reach a large group of people. Politicians shared their agendas for the nation, and it was of big help to them. Twitter increases the popularity of an individual, hence spreading more news countrywide and worldwide. The war and accident

Should Service-Learning be a Requirement for College Graduation Essay

Should Service-Learning be a Requirement for College Graduation - Essay Example Service learning should be a requirement and part for college graduation due to a number of reasons as below: One reason is that a service-learning program enhances learning abilities to students. This program not only improves students’ decision-making abilities and critical thinking but also set up them in the future, furthermore this programs helps student to apply their knowledge and skills in order to solve the real life problems of which the student will encounter in their professional lives. Additionally, service learning prepares students for their future responsibility and professional roles- such programs introduce students to workplace environment, which helps them adjust in any workplace environment in a very short span of time. Another service learning importance is that it enhances personality development of students and improves their workplace skills and abilities. Another merit of service-learning programs is that it allows students to translate their theory learning into practice, which is a very positive aspect of service learning. Service learning not only provides opportunities to the students to get experience of real work but also help them enrich learning and renew communities. Colleges and universities should maintain such resources, which they can use to provide learning opportunities to the students. Service learning has become a necessity for the success of students in professional life(. Service learning eliminates prepares students mentally for work. One more thing, for which service learning seems essential at college level, is that it enables students identify the roles, which they will need to play in society in future. When students engage in community activities, they become aware of their social roles and responsibilities in a very young stage of life. It is a fact that a society can

Imperfect Punishments Essay Example for Free

Imperfect Punishments Essay Imagine a place where tyrants stand up to their ears in boiling blood, the gluttonous experience monsoons of human filth, and those who commit sins of the flesh are blown about like pieces of paper in a never-ending wind storm. Welcome to Dantes Inferno, his perspective on the appropriate punishments for those who are destined to hell for all eternity. Dante attempts to make the punishments fit the crimes, but because it is Dante dealing out the tortures and not God, the punishments will never be perfect because by nature, man is an imperfect creature. Only God is capable of being above reproach and of metering out a just punishment. While Dantes treatment towards the tyrants is fitting, his views on the inhabitants of the Ante Inferno and Limbo seem to be backwards and these poor people are doomed to suffer misguided punishments. Therefore, despite Dantes best attempts to justly punish each sinner, he makes a few mistakes because he is not God and Dante is unable to unbiasedly judge each sinner. If you were to attempt a journey through Hell, the first unlucky hellions you would encounter are the inhabitants of the Ante Inferno. The residents of this not quite heaven, not quite hell domain were placed here because while living, they chose to neither side with God nor with the Devil. By choosing neither good nor evil, these people sinned because they never chose to live by a set of Christian ideals. The punishment for these sinners is to constantly chase a white flag. The color of the flag symbolizes the blank and empty life the sinners led because they did not choose to follow God. The sinners are also bitten by wasps because in real life, they were never forced into any type of moral decision, so in the Ante Inferno, the wasps sting them and force them to chase the white flag. While the ordeal these sinners face seems entirely appropriate, their physical location in hell, or lack there of, is what makes their punishment wrong. This becomes very obvious when the punishment fo r those in Limbo is considered. Limbo is the First Circle of Hell and it is the final resting place for the people who died before the birth of Christianity or who were never baptized. Notable figures like Moses and Noah are former residents of Limbo, until  Christ granted them a pardon. Virgil resides in Limbo and has been given a temporary leave of absence to guide Dante through Hell because Beatrice, Dantes former love who holds a high place in heaven, is worried that he is headed on the path towards Hell. Dante shows pity for those who are stuck in Limbo because as Virgil describes, Some lived before the Christian faith, so that They did not worship God aright and I Am one of these. Through this, no other fault, We are lost, afflicted only this one way: That having no hope, we live in longing(Canto IV 28-32). Dante is said to be seized with heartfelt grief (Canto IV 33) after hearing this, but no pity is supposed to be felt towards sinners who are receiving just punishments. But how just is it that people who never knew the word of Christ and had no knowledge of Heaven or Hell are sentenced to Hell? It is not a fair punishment to doom those unlucky enough to be born before Christianity to Hell when they were not given a fair chance to learn how to gain entrance to Heaven, especially when you consider that those living in the Ante Inferno were perfectly aware of God and knew the consequences of not living a Christian life. Knowing about God and simply ignoring him seems to be a worse crime than being born before Christ. Perhaps some of the residents of Limbo may have ended up in Hell had they know about Christianity, but some may not have. The people in Limbo were never given the choice to live a life with God, so their punishment and placement in Hell should be less severe than the people who ignored their chance to gain entrance to Heaven. If Limbo and the Ante Inferno could geographically switch positions, Dantes reasonsing and punishments for the two groups would make more sense. The sinners in the Ante Inferno experience what seems to be a greater punishment  than what one would face in Limbo. Being constantly stung by wasps and forced to chase a white flag would be mentally and physically exhausting and seems to be a torture straight out of hell yet they arent even technically in hell. On the other hand, in Limbo one merely walks around and talks to other luckless souls, which does not seem to be a punishment constant with what other sinners face in hell. Dante correctly assigned the right punishments to each group of sinners, but he misplaced both groups. Limbo should be outside of Hell because they did not have the knowledge of either Heaven or Hell. The Ante Inferno should be the first level of Hell, reserved for those who knew about Heaven and Hell, choose neither side, and now must face the fact that by thei r indecision, are bound to suffer in Hell. While Dante may have geographically misplaced these two groups of sinners, he did correctly punish most of the sinners in Hell. For example, the river of blood in which boils everyone / Whose violence hurt others (Canto XII 41-42) describes the perfect punishment for those who were violent while they were alive. The degree of the violence committed also factors into the punishment. Tyrants who slaughtered many people are completely covered in boiling blood, while those who were violent against only a few suffer with blood up to their torsos. This is the perfect punishment because violence is a crime of passion and causes bloodshed. It is appropriate for these sinners to be in boiling blood, which would have been similar to their blood, simmering with rage and passion, while they committed their sin. Being immersed in this disgusting pool of heated blood would be a terrible punishment and it is just that those who commit the crime of violence and murder should suffer this endless tor ment. In order to place the sinners in the appropriate levels of Hell, Dante relies on his personal experiences and opinions about the crimes committed. The little bit that we know about Dante and his life, we learn through the opening scenes of the epic and conversations he has with spirits in Hell. The epic opens with Dante, In dark woods, the right road lost (Canto I 2). This shows the Dante is neither a devout Christian, nor is he a sinner. At his place in his life, being neither good nor bad, Dante would most likely be sentenced to life in the Ante Inferno. Throughout the epic, Dante likens  himself to Virgil, but at the same time appears to know that his work is not quite as good as Virgils. Perhaps by placing himself and the Ante Inferno in a level of Hell less severe than Limbo, Dante may still not be as good of a poet, but he is able to represent himself as a better person morally. This may not seem just to me, but to Dante this is a perfectly reasonable punishment. Dante feels the need to be superior to Virgil and since he was not able to accomplish this in life, he supercedes Virgil in the afterlife. It is also evident that Dante has a personal bias towards those who commit the sin of violence. While venturing through their circle of Hell, Dante says there in that crowd / Were many I recognized (Canto XII 114-115). He mentions that Alexander resides there and that he held Sicily under / For many a sad year (Canto XII 100-101). Dante may have placed such a harsh, yet still just, punishment on the Violent because he is avenging his country and people for the violent crimes committed against them. Alexander was responsible for an innumerable amount of Italian lives during his occupancy of Sicily and Dante is making sure that he is correctly punished for his sins. In life, Dante was unable to stop Alexander from committing his atrocities, but he is able to condemn him in Hell. Had Dante and his country not experienced the terrors of a tyrant, it is possible that without his need for revenge, Dante may have awarded the Violent a lesser punishment. Our personal experiences and feelings are what make us human, but yet they also lead us to biases, which prevent us from being as fair and just as God. It is obvious that those in Limbo who were never given a chance to have their soul saved by Christ should not be doomed eternally to a lower level of Hell than those in Ante Inferno who ignored the chance to save their soul. Yet Dante misplaces these two domains of Hell to put himself in a level nearer to Heaven than Dante will ever be able to acheive. While Virgils literary abilities will always be remembered as better pieces of work, by making Virgil his guide to salvation, Dante will reach Heaven, the ultimate goal of a Christian, while Virgil never will. The punishment of the Violent is a strong statement against those who have brought bloodshed to Italy and reflects Dantes hope for peace in Italy. Dante shows that while these sinners may have dominated the lives of others on Earth, that in hell  the Violent are completely overwhelmed by the blood that they created. Despite Dantes good intentions of creating a Hell where the punishment fits the crime, his opinions cloud his judgement. He uses Hell as a way to punish or degrade those whom he had some sort of a conflict with while alive. It is obvious that I do not agree with all of his ideas about Hell, but then again I am also not a fourteenth century Italian male. A just hell is different for everyone, depending on your own beliefs or lack of beliefs. The only universally just Hell that can be experienced is a Hell of Gods making and hopefully I will never know how his punishments compare to Dantes.

Business Analytics And Business Intelligence Business Essay

Business Analytics And Business Intelligence Business Essay Business Intelligence (BI) is all about getting usable intelligence from data. Using BI you can provide right information to right people at the right time and through right channels to make a competitive advantage by informed decision making. Almost in every organization information is available in abundance as structured data is getting accumulated over the years that is resulting from a variety of operational information systems. Traditional models of operations might not be able to fully utilize the new opportunities presented by this abundance of information. BI systems today can organize, analyze, store and retrieve huge amount of information. We can now work on new organizational models that are agile, and better adaptable to constant change in order to beat the competition and discover new business opportunities. The techniques like Business Analytics (BA) and Business Intelligence are bringing just that to our door steps. What Is Business Analytics Business Analytics deals with the methodologies employed by organizations to enhance their business by making optimized decisions with the use of statistical techniques that might involve data collection and analysis. Business analytics might require many complex techniques that need advanced statistics. Applying Business Analytics, it may be possible to find how a territory or a region reacts to certain product variations or added features. This information can be very useful in devising new product line with features that are likely to maximize sales in a particular region for a set of target audiences. A proper analysis of data might also tell about things like recurring customer support issues and thereby proactive steps can be taken before it grows out of proportion. Business Analytics is often used by marketing folks in predicting and analyzing consumer behavior. This is done by applying statistical analytical techniques on historical data of customer transactions. Without high-quality data and statistics, business analytics can have little or no meaning to any organization. The Difference Between Business Analytics and Business Intelligence Business analysis employs statistical methods and analysis on past business performance to develop new business insights and drive business planning. Business Analysis may use a combination of technologies, skills, practices and applications in its continuous and iterative investigations. Business intelligence on the other hand uses a consistent set of matrices on the past data to measure performance and drive the business planning. BI can also employ statistical techniques like BA. Business intelligence is more of reporting, querying, OLAP and alerts. BA can be used as an input for human decisions or it can fully automate the decision making process. BI can answer what happened in the past, in what numbers, the frequency of occurance, location of the problem, and what corrective actions are needed. BA can tell us why this is happening, what will happen next, what if the trend continues, and more on optimization. What You Can Do With Analytics Analytics can answer information oriented questions like what happened, say, in past two years with sales in a particular region. What is happening now in different regions? And what is likely to happen in near future? Digging dipper may take us to answer questions with more insights like how and why did this happen? Answering this question may require some mathematical modeling and/ or some experimental design. Other insightful questions that can be answered are what is the next best thing to do; and predictions like what worst or best that can happen in a particular scenario? Analytics aims to move towards more insightful answers (to the problems or questions) that an organization needs to know, in order to stay healthy and stay ahead of competition. Its all about informed decision making over intuitive. Its also about giving competitive advantage to managers and reduced risks in decision making. Today Analytics is applied almost everywhere predicting consumer behavior, what will sell, determining price range for a particular market, in supply chain and operations, logistics and finding the best routes for transportation fleet, determining what factors are really driving the financial performance in a company, risk management, investments, issuing credit cards, maximizing sales and profits are just a few examples. Caution While Using Analytics // when not is the time to apply analytics Some decisions have to be made when there is little or no time for data collection; like war or in a sports field. You need to go by your already gathered expertise, intuition and by previous experience. Analytics has a very little role to play in such situations. Some situations have never occurred before and data is simply not available for Analytics to work upon. In some cases like stock markets plenty of data is available but its misleading and cant be used to do any analysis for the future or current actions. There are times when the experience of managers is more valuable over any kind of analysis like valuating plant and machinery for insurance purposes. Off course nothing can replace intuition while selecting a life partner or selecting a gift for the spouse, for that matter.. Almost all results based on Analytics have to be used along with human wisdom. Analytics is based on models, assumptions and data. Anything can go wrong there and blindly applying results might lead to disasters. Analytic models need to be tested carefully first with a controlled set of data that has known results. When tests are successful and results are consistent under test conditions; the models can be used in real time situations. Pre-Conditions To Apply Analytics An organization might have a process orientation with some degree of perfection; be it Six Sigma, Lean, or reengineering or a combination. The key is to identify which attributes in the process are associated with satisfaction and value from the standpoint of the end customer. If you have a comprehensive measurement system for these process attributes, you can perform statistical analysis on your value tree and determine the correlations among business drivers. The classic DELTA framework captures five conditions that are must for any analytical initiative to succeed. Applied to process analytics, these are: Data: This deals with data sufficiency and data quality requirements for analytics process. Sufficient data should be there for experimenting, modeling and testing as analytics demands. This also concerns with technology and management of data used in the whole Analytics process. Enterprise: An enterprise view point is necessary to for effective Analytics. Without that Analytics initiatives may be localized and it will be very difficult to draw any significant benefits at the enterprise level. The process under any Analytics initiative should have the cross-functional or cross-boundary scope to make a difference in overall business performance. Leadership: This calls for cross functional and capable leaders that have strong executive management support. The leadership focus is much more than just one project. Leadership strives for bringing an Analytics based culture in the organization. Targets: Metrics to track these results of Analytics projects. It can be strong customer loyalty, increased performance in supply chain, hiring better matching to skill set requirements, better quantitative risk management and so on. Analysts: They must have capabilities to build the models and derive results. They also bring Analytics culture to the organization by enabling business managers to appreciate and apply it in day-to-day decision making. The readiness of processes in an organization needs to be assessed in all the areas represented by DELTA. All the gaps need to be fulfilled for any meaningful Analytics project to happen in the company. A Typical Responsibility Tree In An Analytics Project The executive management needs to create the overall strategy and choose an information strategy. Middle management and operations managers design business processes and decide how information and knowledge is to be used. Business analysts are responsible for creating reports and Analytics; they are the persons who are responsible for information and knowledge. There is a set of people, who are responsible for data warehouses, data collection. IT infrastructure people are responsible for maintaining databases and technology infrastructure. Analytics Vendors Currently prominent BI and Business Analytics tools vendors are IBM (Cognos), SAP (Business Objects), SAAS Institute (SAAS), R and SPSS (taken over by IBM). All these vendors periodically publish white papers that can be an important source of updates on latest happenings and capabilities of their respective tools. Spatial Analytics Basics of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Today, GIS is one of the fastest growing fields in Information Technology arena. It has applications in banking, natural resource management, defense, utilities, and government, and many other areas. Maps are fundamental tools used to depict spatial or geographic data. In GIS, we use digital maps for patterns, linkages, or relationships in data in either a single map or multiple maps simultaneously. In its simpler version, GIS provides an automated version of traditional map analysis. A GIS is used to access an integrated, location referenced database of maps that can be superimposed, combined, and analyzed as per user specifications. GIS has advantages over other data management systems in its ability to present geographical relationships in a digital map form where its easy to visualize and comprehend. Creating accurate data sets for a GIS system involves exploring satellite images to identify outlines geographical entities like roads, lakes, rivers, and other landmarks. It is then followed by a ground survey in order to capture names of these entries in the area of interest. There are four components of GIS: (1) data, (2) hardware, (3) software, and (4) users. These components must work in an integrated fashion for any usable inferences to be drawn from a GIS analysis. Some Applications of Spatial Analytics in Banking The GIS mapping of a bank branch involves defining a trade area around a bank branch including profiling of customers in that area. The banks can know about the particulars of the products that are being purchased by specific socio-demographic groups and plan new features/ products accordingly. GIS analysis can examine the interrelationships between land-use, infrastructure capacities, proximities of major civic amenities, and economic growth. Banks can utilize these GIS simulations to take strategic decisions like opening new branches, branch relocation or closure etc. The location dimension that is provided by GIS along with routine data used by classical asset management systems can be very useful in asset maintenance activities like location inspection and monitoring of a class of assets. GIS based solutions for the management and replenishment of ATMs, work in real time and they may provide effective ways to the cash management. GIS based application can show the ATMs on a map with their cash status. Cash requirement for each day for a Bank/ATM can be predicted with the help of historical cash transactions and other demographic data such as population density, economic status For ATM cash replenishment, GPS loaded, GIS based Fleet Management Systems can monitor the real time locations of cash vans in a very cost effective manner. Business Case: Personal Loan Customer Analytics This project involved integrating various ORACLE databases and their analysis in combination with digital maps of Bangalore. It required to plot around 40,000 loan locations and to analyze spatial spreads and correlations. This was done for an associate of a MNC bank. Some output screens from the analysis are included here. SIMS is a Spatial Analytics System developed by SPINFO.

Struggling Powers in the Movie The Mission :: essays research papers

The movie The Mission takes place in 1750 in South America. The main characters in the movie are Rodrigo Mendoza (Robert De Niro), who was a Spanish slave trader, and Father Gabriel (Jeremy Irons), who was a Spanish Jesuit. This essay will demonstrate the four struggling powers in the movie, the Guarani Natives, the Jesuits, the Spanish and Portuguese government, and the Cardinal. The Guarani Natives in South America did not like the Spanish at first because the Spanish were using them as slaves and killing them. The Natives were living a life of hiding, they were scared, they were poor, and they were starved. Later on they started to get along with the Jesuits as they start to Christianize them and build missions, and when the Spanish become nicer to them. At the end of the movie most of the Natives were killed off by the Portuguese Rodrigo Mendoza was a Spanish slave trader who went to South America to capture the Natives and turn them into slaves. Mendoza kills his brother in a fit of rage for taking his girl, and is taken to jail. After he is taken to jail he has to do Pennants for the Jesuits, and he begins to feel sorry for himself, and he stops killing. He then becomes a Jesuit and starts to help out the Natives by fighting the Portuguese. Mendoza is killed during a shootout by Portuguese in the mission. The Jesuits come to South America to build missions and spread Christianity to the Natives. Father Gabriel was one of these Jesuits. Their goal was to create peace between the Natives, the Spanish, and the Portuguese, and to build missions and convert the Natives to Christianity. The Jesuits were very helpful and caring to the Natives, for example when the Natives were being run down by slave traders the Jesuits came in to help them build homes and feed them. They also helped to build a foundation of knowing the Lord. The Spanish and the Portuguese government came to South America for land, and to use the Natives as slaves to work on Plantations. They believed that the Natives were animals, so they used them as cheap labor, however the Jesuits did not agree on using the Natives as slaves, so war broke out between the Jesuits and Natives, and the Portuguese.

Battle of Ap Bac :: essays research papers

Battle of Ap Bac final draft   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early times of the Vietnam War there were two main sides, the Viet Cong who were rebels and opposed the South Vietnamese government, and the ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) which was on the side of the South Vietnamese government. This was one the very first times these two opposing forces had met in battle. On January 2, 1963 the battle of Ap Bac proved to be much more than a normal battle. Many things happened there that were unclear and not resolved. There were many different stories of what happened those days at Ap Bac. This paper will portray what I believed happened at Ap Bac given the evidence at hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two accounts that I read had many holes and missing parts that I found to be not credible. Account two clearly states that ARVN had forces of over three thousand troops mostly from the Seventh Infantry Division, and the Viet Cong with only two hundred forty soldiers with the help of fifty guerrillas. Later on in account two it says that after the battle the ARVN lost sixty one troops with a hundred or more injured, and the Viet Cong only an estimated twelve. Right off the start this seems completely unrealistic. And here is why the ARVN had nearly ten to one odds with exceptionally superior fire power consisting of helicopters, artillery, and armed vehicles and only manage to kill twelve enemy soldiers. Also what I have learned from the past is that the government often does not give an exact number of people that died suggesting that the numbers came from another source which I found to be not credible. In account two it says â€Å"ARVN losses were heavy (si xty-one killed and about one hundred wounded.† The numbers in account two appear to be much too exact. Account two is very much statistical and everything is based on or around statistics which to me looks unbelievable. The second account is seen as a major loss and the ARVN were unable to overrun the out numbered Viet Cong. It seems to me to be a story that was built up very high and had lots of power like a tale of a heroic infantry, and then shot down and demolished into nothing but talk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary account one seems to be much more realistic and truthful.

Business Model of Total Essay

1 Introduction There is no special and particular slogan used by transmit through its products. Total is using different slogans for their several kind of product lines in the countries, where they sale the products. â€Å"Winners fill up with TOTAL!† is the slogan in Germany for the B2C segment for their filling stations. 2 Company Profile – TOTAL The former â€Å"Compagnie francaise des pà ©troles†, now TOTAL S.A., is founded on March 28th in 1924, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates. The history of TOTAL began in the Iraqi sands in the 1920s. TOTAL began its Upstream in the Middle East in 1924. Over the past decades the company grew up, developed and expanded its presence throughout the world. Since 1999, the company has strengthened itself by merging with PetroFina and, at the beginning of 2000, with Elf Aquitaine, so as to join the small club of oil and natural gas majors. Today TOTAL is one of France largest corporations and the world ´s fifth largest publicly-traded integrated international oil and gas company.3 TOTAL is committed to meeting growing energy demand while consistently acting as a responsible corporate citizen.4 The company is registered in office 2, place Jean Miller, La Dà ©fense 6, 92400 Courbevoie, France. Up to and including the fiscal year 2011, TOTAL, with all its subsidiaries and affiliates, employs 96.104 people. 3 Business Model Canvas – applied by TOTAL â€Å"A business model describes the rational of how an organization creates, delivers and captures value.†5 The Business Model Canvas uses nine different perspectives, in order to portrait where the value of a company is created. It focuses on customer segments, value propositions, distribution channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships and cost structure.6 The following sections are going to elaborate the theoretic basis of the Business Model Canvas and how it is practically applied by TOTAL. 3.1 Customer Segments Customers are the heart of every business or commercial model. Therefore they are one of the most important stakeholders of a company and to have them is the basis requirement for an economic venture. In order to be successful on the market, products should be designed according to customers ´ needs. Those needs can either be common or rather specific. Customers should be segmented. This depends on different expectations towards profitability, distribution channel or especially the price. Those segments are also divided in groups like common needs, common behaviors or other characteristic features. Kinds of customers segments can be the mass market or the alcove market. 7 As general definition customer segmentation is understand as the act of separating a group of clients into sets of similar individuals that are related from a marketing or demographic perspective. For example, a business that practices customer segmentation might group its current or potential customers according to their gender, buying tendencies, age group and special interests.8 Due to the fact that TOTAL is a company in the sector of power production, they are purchasing the strategy of customer segmentation to fulfill the different expectations at a best possible rate. On account of the spheres of business TOTAL operates in the area of the mass market, if you would lay a focus on the petrol production. Therefore TOTAL is one of the biggest suppliers in the transportation sector. But the company’s products are segmented by the different market segments. The business segment mainly focuses on 3 different branches: upstream, downstream and the energy sector. These branches are divided as follows9:  · Upstream: oil and gas transportation, development and production, liquefied natural gas  · Downstream: refining, petrochemicals, specialty chemicals, marketing and the trading and shipping of crude oil and petroleum products  · Energy sector: equity stakes in coal mines, operations in the power generation and renewable energy 3.6 Key Resources Depending on the field of business companies need different resources. According to Canvas ´ describes the component of the key resources the most economic goods which are necessary for functioning a business model.26 According to Canvas` TOTAL has the four from Osterwalder/Pigneur mentioned key resources. Physically, intellectually, humanly and financially. To bore after oil and gas and to produce fuel, lubricants and other goods from that, it ´s necessary to have appropriate production plants and equipments. Because these are capital-intensive the financial resource arises from that. To open pools or to allow constructing new offshore construction works the enterprise needs the necessary financial items. Among other things these were gained in the course of the company ´s history. Chemicals and special fluids, also the different fuels, need the humanly and intellectually resources. The mixture of all these four resources gives TOTAL the possibility to handle its operations in 150 countries. That there ´s a dependence between the key resources is visibly with the fact that TOTAL invested â‚ ¬ 776 million for R&D in the year 2011. It ´s necessary to have a good combination between all key resources to get benefits of these investments. 3.7 Key activities The component of the key activities describes the most important things which an enterprise must do, so that its commercial model functions.27 In combination with key resources, key activities are responsible for creating unique products and services to carry out the value of the enterprise. The promotion of oil and gas, as well as the production of fuels belongs definitely to the key activity of the company. Secondly a very important one is the know-how and the ability to create a functioning logistics network to operate through the countries all over the world with the different suppliers and customers. 26 Osterwalder/Pigneur (2011) p.38 27 Osterwalder/Pigneur (2011) p.40 10 3.8 Key partners Key partners are the network of suppliers and partners who contribute to the success of the commercial model.28 First of all TOTAL endeavors to use local suppliers of goods and services as often as it ´s possible. This action contents to the local content programs. TOTAL stands for using local resources. Programs are aligned with the project ´s technical characteristics and local industry. Special key partners are not able to indentify. TOTAL mentioned by itself, that the company purchased â‚ ¬ 27 billion of goods and services from roughly 50,000 active suppliers worldwide. 3.9 Cost structure The cost structure describes all expenses which result by the execution of a commercial model.29 This is the definition within the Canvas` model. In general a cost structure is a method to determine how much it will cost a company to manufacture a product and how much profit will be recognized from manufacturing the product.30 TOTAL has a mix of cost-driven and value-driven business model. Covered to the limited reserves of the fossil raw materials TOTAL invests millions of Euros into Research and Development. It is for developing unique and innovative products for helping to reduce energy consumption but also to find new resources of raw material like oil and gas or coal. Secondly a great part of the R&D portfolio goes to the sector of renewable energy like solar and photovoltaic. The biggest part of the Total expenses falls to the production of the several economic goods. 4 Conclusion The TOTAL ´s business model is very effective. According to the several different economic goods TOTAL is producing, the customers are focused by creating value added processes that are fulfilling their basically needs along with a comprehensive growth of revenue. With production plants and service 28 Osterwalder/Pigneur (2011) p.42 29 Osterwalder/Pigneur (2011) p.44 30 http://businessdictionary.com/definition/cost-structure.html 11 stations in 150 countries, a sales of about â‚ ¬ 184,693 billion, purchasing goods & services of â‚ ¬ 27 billion from about 50,000 active suppliers worldwide TOTAL is the fifth biggest oil and gas production company of the world. In order to the growing markets in Asia, especially the Chinese market, TOTAL could be able to increase their sales because of the increasing energy consumption in this area. It is not easy to imagine, that they are able to enter new markets, because they are operating worldwide and satisfy the energy needs of the private and business customers all over the world. Taking into account of the dropping reserves of fossil fuels it becomes inevitably furthermore to engage very intensively in sector of the renewable energy.

The Importance of Protected Sex

Can you imagine having to urge to go pee 24 7, or what about gaining anywhere from 30 to 60 pounds, or even worse, contracting one of those nasty STD's we've all heard about? Well neither can I. Therefore, when abstinence is not an option, protected sex is a must. In todays world, the image of sex is portrayed everywhere. On TV, the radio, social networking sites, even school and public settings. Teenagers are constantly surrounded by sexual intensions, it’s a part of culture that is truly unavoidable. The media, portrays sex as fun and glamorous in plenty of ways, whether its movies, reality shows, or magazine ads, they never portray sex as something awful that can completely ruin your life, and give you no option but to take a turn for the worst. Teen sex in todays world, is nothing but false advertising. Most teens are not informed and educated on the risks of sex, and that is not entirely their fault. Parents tend to assume that children learn everything they need to know in school, and if they're not asking questions, that they're not even thinking about. That’s where their wrong. Most teens are timid about discussing this subject with their parents and are embarrassed to even bring it up. Studies show that teenager who can talk to their parents about uncomfortable subjects, including sex, are less likely to become sexually active at an early age. When teens turn to their peers about sex, they get sugar coated information that they have developed from the media, which leads them into thinking incredibly false things. Simply talking to your parents, discussing methods of protection, and how to obtain them could save teens lives, not to mention their reputations. Although teen pregnancy rates in Canada have declined greatly, the problem is far from solved. Pregnancy and being a mother is something much too large for any teenager to even grasp. The stress, anxiety, and toll it takes on your mind and body, is something no teen is ready for in high school. Pregnancy is an overall uncomfortable situation, consisting of sickness, weight gain, mood swings, swollen feet, constant urination, increased appetite, and much more. Not to mention, pregnant teens will most likely not want to attend school, with all the stress and sickness, school is just not where they want to be, which will eventually result in poor grades and likely failure. Raising a child, requires money, money requires a job, which most always will require education. Acquiring an education can be near impossible when you have a baby at home, your focus would be all over the place and if you didn't have a good family support system, it would be difficult to complete homework and assignments. Okay, so we have all sat through those nasty sex ed presentations, disgusted at the images of unheard of STD's. Passing up the knowledge from those presentations as something gross that would never happen to you, could be the worst mistake of your life. Teens contract STD's daily, never expecting it.. With Chlamydia becoming a pandemic in our province, it is very important to trust nobody, and use protection every single time you partake in sexual activities. Believe it or not, you can contract an STD from something so simple as kissing, gross right? Before you trust your partner, make sure you are well aware of their sexual history, and make them aware you are not willing to do anything without protection. The price teens could pay for begin sexually active far outweigh and advantages. Contracting an STD, becoming pregnant, and jeopardizing the rest of your life are only a few of the horrifying results of unprotected teen sex. Teens need to become educated and aware of all the risks, from parents or health professionals. Although the media might portray sex as something as simple and brushing your teeth, it’s a terrible trail to take. | ?

Critique a Research Article Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critique a Article - Research Paper Example The author further puts forward questions for research regarding the symptoms that are associated with acute kidney injury. The author is trying to put forward that the nurses should know about acute kidney failure and the causes of it. The early signs should be detected by the nurses and they should intervene at the right moment to help it not progress towards end stage renal disease. The author gives the necessary signs and symptoms leading to it along with the steps that a nurse should take when intervening. Hypothesis The author proposes that acute kidney failure can be prevented by experienced nurses who have the necessary knowledge in intervening during the course of the injury. The author put forward a real case of a patient who developed acute kidney injury but she did not progress to chronic renal failure because the nurses intervened at the right time. Evaluation Author provides a literature review by highlighting the main points of acute kidney injury and the mechanisms in volved. She further uses research to strengthen her hypothesis. The author has used recent literature review to prove her hypothesis and she has complemented the research with a real life example of a patient suffering from Acute Kidney Failure. I believe that the article in all ways is relevant to the current health issues and problems faced by nurses in handling such cases. The mortality rate of the patients with acute kidney injury have increased in the recent past and such an intervention as laid down by the author can certainly decrease the risk and help in decreasing the mortality rate as well. Â   The author has utilized a case study as she already has selected a patient and the nurses have intervened at the right time to avoid the serious consequence of chronic renal injury. The sample selected for this article was only one and it was in co-relation with the topic as the author selected an individual with the injury only. The sample was hence appropriate for the research ar ticle. This work has been crafted by the author by selecting an individual who seemed to be suffering from the disease that the article is referring to. The author has made this research more practical by laying down the nursing intervention techniques. I believe that is practical and applicable in the real world because the nurses can play a great role in intervening of the progress of acute kidney injury to chronic and avoid mortality. The author has emphasized on the role of nurses to understand the risk factors and diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury. The relevant nursing assessment that is required to be done on the patients has been emphasized by the author. These factors would help nurses to identify the patients who are at risk of developing acute kidney failure. I believe, the application of this research in the real life is possible only if nurses are trained to handle such cases. However, in this research only one such case was analyzed by the author and hence it cannot be concluded with certainty that it would be applicable to all cases in different situations. Moreover the author does not include training programs for the nurses to carry out the relevant intervention with the patients who are suffering from the disease. I believe that the nurses should be trained properly along with the knowledge of the intervening techniques when it comes to the patients of acute kidney

Psych100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psych100 - Essay Example The graver side effects of the drugs include lowered life expectancy, fidgeting or pacing, weight gain, trouble with muscle control, shuffling and tremors of the feet, muscle cramps or spasms in the neck and head, and a myriad of â€Å"negative† symptoms (Grohola para 8). Other side effects that occur due to prolonged use of the drugs include grimacing, facial ticks, lip licking, thrusting and rolling of the tongue, and panting (Grohola para 9). Newer antipsychotic medications include Zyprexa, Seroquel, Clozaril and Risperdal. Some of these drugs work on both the negative and positive symptoms of the disease as they work on the both the dopamine and serotonin receptors. By acting on the serotonin receptors, the drugs deal with the negative symptoms of the disease. Atypical antipsychotics treat a wider range of symptoms medications in this category including Abilify, Risperdal, Geodon and Zyprexa among others (Groholb para 4). Atypical antipsychotics work more like the conventi onal drugs but are less likely to cause in patients extrapyramidal motor control disabilities. Paranoid personality disorder – People who have this disorder are normally irrationally suspicious and distrustful of other people, always believing that they are always in danger (Mentalhealth para 1). Those with the condition are also hypersensitive, habitually scanning their environment for suggestions or clues to make valid their biases or prejudicial notions. People who have Schizoid personality disorder generally have no interest in social relationships (Schizoid 237). They see no value in sharing time with others. The disorder is also characterized by emotional coldness, solitary life and secretiveness. People with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard the law and therefore like to infringe on the rights of other people (Moeller and Dougherty 35). Other characteristics of this order include persistent stealing or lying,

The results of the US involvement in Iraq Research Paper

The results of the US involvement in Iraq - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the US invasion on Iraq has been considered as one of the most momentous and controversial foreign policy decisions that have ever been made by the American government. Different scholars and political analysts of the world have been divided over the explanation of the American war on Iraq. With a group of them agreeing that it was necessary to maintain world peace by silencing Iraq while the other group finds it unnecessary and a war that had a different motive than just maintaining the world peace. Today, effects of American presence in this country and the impacts of the invasion are still evident. It would be observed that the leadership in Iraq was transformed from dictatorship to democracy a government where the Iraqi citizens had more influence on policies of the government. Also, the presence of America in Middle East helped contain the major militant gangs of the world; Taliban and Al-Qaida; a great step towards uplifting the lives of the different citizens of Iraq and Middle East. But did this solve the Iraqi problem of leadership? Was the government established Democratic? Did this end terror in the region? Iraqi together with several other nations of Middle East today is perceived to be home to the most brutal and dangerous militia group in the world-ISIS. This brutal group has continued to violate the universality of the human rights as stipulated under the UN Human Right Convention of 1948. Now, do we blame America for going in Iraq or do we blame the extremists in Iraq? These are few of the questions that linger in the minds of many individuals today. The truth is that America has had a stake in what is happening in Iraq and the presence of America in Iraq is what has resulted to both the emergence of al-Maliki system of governance and the rise of militia groups in Iraq. This research paper seeks to establish the effects of America presence in Iraq and its influence on the emergence of al-Maliki governance and militia groups in

Safe use of Health Information Technology Research Paper

Safe use of Health Information Technology - Research Paper Example Poor workflow and inefficient communication inevitably create more health IT sentinel events. Although communication and workflow are vital, the clinical content must also be well-structured to enable effective communication (The Joint Commission, 2015). For example, health records managers must be supplied with relevant and cogent information because they enter clinical data into systems on an as-is basis. Wrong or illegible data creates problems during retrieval. The success of any health IT framework also depends on internal organizational policies, procedures and cultures. These three aspects should be congruent with the overall objectives of the health IT system. Some cultures, policies and procedures hinder the efficient operation of the system, leading to health sentinel IT situations (Johnson, 2014). The level of training received by health staff determines their effectiveness in their duties. However, training is merely a means to an end. Employees should be taught to follow set policies and procedures or their training will be futile. The type of hardware and software used in a specific health IT framework determines the frequency with which sentinel events occur. To this effect, hardware and software must be relevant, usable, and adaptable (The Joint Commission, 2015). External factors, including vendor and other issues occurring in the external environment can also cause a health sentinel IT event. In some cases, legal and social challenges (e.g., culture) can increase the number of health sentinel IT situations (Balgrosky, 2014). Research shows that regular system appraisal and monitoring significantly reduces the probability of critical situations

Management and Leadership Skills in Team Building Essay

Management and Leadership Skills in Team Building - Essay Example As Leonard (2004) indicated, effective communication and teamwork are essential for the delivery of high quality, safe patient care. In another study, Nash & Govier stated that there is enough evidence showing that effective teams can improve members’ well-being as well as quality of care. Health care providers recognize the importance of team working in preventing patient errors   However, for teams to be effective, effectiveness should begin from the initial stages of team building. The determinants of an effectual team include member satisfaction, cohesiveness, effective communication, quality leadership and organizational culture. Another element of effective team working is adherence to behavioral norms or rules as Nash & Govier (2009) noted that among the elements of successful teams setting up and understanding the ways of working (rules) is of utmost importance. These elements can be achieved by the collective influence of good leadership and management.As Leonard   indicated, effective communication and teamwork are essential for the delivery of high quality, safe patient care. In another study, Nash & Govier stated that there is enough evidence showing that effective teams can improve members’ well-being as well as quality of care. Health care providers recognize the importance of team working in preventing patient errors.  However, building an effective team requires top notch leadership skills because it involves bringing together people with different personalities.

Creativity, innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creativity, innovation - Essay Example It can also include the effect on the local community who might have to live in the shadow of their premises, and how they engage with the community, their customers and workforce. Social Accounting helps organizations to investigate its performances in relation to social, environmental and economic objectives ensuring that organizations core objectives are met in doing so. Focusing on the automobile Industry, almost all the large brands ensure that the keep CSR at par which includes Sustainability Reporting along with the Financial Statements. Most companies in the sector have CSR policies implemented throughout their operations including proper management system for the same. Following is the comparison of two of the industries’ brands; namely Toyota and Honda. Toyota has implemented a CSR policy throughout its operations that is based on the company’s Guiding Values. Furthermore, the company has also implemented a separate policy on Biodiversity, as well as a Code of Conduct, a Global Vision for 2020, and the Toyota Way 2001, which outlines the expectations of how employees should behave. It also has an environmental plan of action that includes design production and recycling. Toyota has a separate CSR department, as well as a CSR committee that includes members of the executive board. The company is a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), but does not mention any of the relevant international standards in its international CSR report or CSR policy. Several regional divisions also publish their own annual CSR reports in accordance with GRI standards. Toyota annually produces its sustainability report including environmental aspects, social aspects, and economic aspect. â€Å"Its environmental aspect addresses Energy/ Global Warming, Recycling of resources, Substance of concern, Atmospheric Quality, Environmental

Defining the Concept of Voice Through an Assessment of Shakespeares “Twelfth Night” Essay Example for Free

Defining the Concept of Voice Through an Assessment of Shakespeares â€Å"Twelfth Night† Essay Defining the Concept of Voice Through an Assessment of Shakespeares â€Å"Twelfth Night† Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Literary voice is a multifaceted subject that involves both linguistic and stylistic aspects. The readers and editors often significantly demand the involvement of originality and creativity. The level of creativity is required in the development of lasting and satisfactory understanding of the development of the voice. According to Hunter College Reading/Writing Center common characteristics of ‘voice’ is â€Å"Distinct from the terms persona, narrator and tone, voice is associated with the underlying vision of a writer, her general attitude toward the world. † This paper is a fervently articulates the definition of voice through the linguistic choices of Shakespeare’s in his famous play Twelfth Night in evident through his passion for drama and poetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The voice when applied in rhetoric it demonstrates the clarity of the visions and thoughts of the writer. Voice is specific to every individual more artistically conveyed in the works of writers. The uniqueness of every piece of writing as a piece of artistic work is subject to the distinct figurative role or a unique commentary of the creator â€Å"writer†. Plays are composed of literal and allegorically unique to develop individuality for the play that is meaningful and captivate. Voice is defined as the distinctive tone or style identifiable of literary work or author.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twelfth Night demonstrates a tonal play written out to sound like a poem, where there is rhythmic balance in the pronunciation of the lines. Most importantly, the content reflects a unique commentary that speaks beyond what is given in the play. Any individual who is accustomed to the work of William Shakespeare would be able rapidly to detect that Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeare’s works through his techniques of writing. Shakespeare uses a unique combination of writing techniques such as twisted iambic pentameter and soliloquies. At the start of Twelfth Night, Orsino, a Duke, demands if music creates love, then â€Å"Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting† (1.1.2). If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That strain again! it had a dying fall: O, it came oer my ear like the sweet sound, That breathes upon a bank of violets, Stealing and giving odour! Enough; no more: By using iambic pentameter, Shakespeare defines Orsinos character to be different from those of different social class. Here, Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter in a distinct way by switching the tones around to create a different tonal pattern. Instead of the regular iambus of one stressed and one unstressed beat (ba-BUM) for ten syllables straight, he makes a modification to some syllables in order to emphasize certain words.SIR TOBY BELCH Approach, Sir Andrew: not to be abed aftermidnight is to be up betimes; and diluculosurgere, thou knowst, In act 2 scene 3, The syntax and the preceding semicolon on the first line direct the stress on give at the beginning, but the resulting pattern is choppy and almost dactylic in its meter. He often uses this technique on characters tha t had a higher social status in his plays. On the contrary, those characters of a lower status were deemed not to have the leisure to experiment with literature speaking in regular prose or verse. For example, Malvolio, a butler, attempts prose in the beginning but changes to speak in verse like, â€Å"Daylight and champain discovers not more: this is open. I will be proud I will read politic authors,† (2.5.155-157). Iambic pentameter shows control and yet the emphasis here is on the instability and the intensity of class difference. Thus, Shakespeare’s manipulation of regular iambic pentameter to create differential approach to the field of play each character has. This inherently configures a reflection of his unique voice, and this leads readers to think that, in literature, voice is distinct and unique to develop a persona.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another literary device that commonly found in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is soliloquy, which involves a character speaking his or her thoughts aloud. The ideas conveyed by the actor are a way providing information from Shakespeare own point view on certain situations. In 2.2 of Twelfth Night, Viola, disguised as Cesario, conveys her realization of the mistakes she caused due to her disguise: Disguise, I see, thou art a wickedness, Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. How easy is it for the proper-false In womens waxen hearts to set their forms!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alas, our fraility is the cause, not we, For such as we are made of, such we be. How will this fadge? My master loves her dearly,And I, poor monster, fond as much on him,And she, mistaken, seems to dote on me.What will become of this? As I am man,My state is desperate for my master’s love.As I am woman, now, alas the day,What thriftless sighs shall poor Olivia breathe! (2.2.26–38)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This soliloquy serves a purpose of developing context outside of the literal play. In real life, people don’t typically speak their thoughts aloud when alone. Shakespeare’s use of soliloquy is a active interpretation of what the audience does not yet understood. Thus, the conscious choice to use a soliloquy is representative of Shakespeare’s voice because, it develops Shakespeare’s style of presenting mental or non-visible information to become visible to the audience. Soliloquy adequately conveys the strength of Shakespeare to back audience into the scene of play through understanding of the event. Secondly, it develops in a way where Cesario is aware of the whole plot and takes on a role in knowledge as an audience. Furthermore, this foreshadows of how there will be a conclusion to untie this lie, and chaos Viola has created through her disguise. These complex ideas are voices for Shakespeare’s readers to notice through his voice beyond the literal sound of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A complex idea beyond the authentic voice of the play also develops the style that is distinct to Shakespeare. In the same scene, Shakespeare also personifies the concept of a â€Å"disguise† to render a style of narration. Shakespeare uses apostrophe, and aside or address inanimate objects as though they are alive. For example Cesario concludes that â€Å"Time,† which she addresses as a character, must unravel this madness, as she cannot undo Olivias confusion, â€Å"O, Time, thou must unravel this, not I† (2.2.39). In this soliloquy, Caesario highlights the weakness of women, the subjectivity of love and the conflicts presented by appearance versus reality. The use of monologue, apostrophe and iambic pentameter in combination create Shakespeare’s voice. It sets his writing apart from other writers who present a similar plot. For example, Ewon Leslie’s She’s the Man incorporates scenarios from Twe lfth Night but is written in an entire different voice and style. Both presenting a story plot of a woman in disguise of men creating a chaotic love web, She’s the Man, is different as the literal voice was of modern English. Which does not use poetry, soliloquy, nor personification. Through examining Shakespeare’s use of personification and soliloquy, audiences can see that idea of voice is unique on its own and cannot be imitated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, it is not only a unique concept to developing a figurative voice for Shakespeare, but also a voice in writing. â€Å"It is one of the last of the Elizabethan comediesreflecting the anxieties and uncertainties of its historical moment,† and â€Å"first seventeenth century comedy, and is in many ways a beginning -of-century play, inaugurating a new poetics: some commentators have been it as the first of the ‘ dark comedies’† (Elam 2). This explained through his scene, which prepares us for dramatic irony when Maria, Sir Andrew, and Sir Toby write the letter to Malvolio, under the pretence of Olivia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maria   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will drop in his way some obscure epistles of love; wherein, by the colour of his beard, the shape of his leg, the manner of his gait, the expressure of his eye, forehead, and complexion, he shall find himself most feelingly personated. I can write very like my lady your niece: on a forgotten matter we can hardly make distinction of our hands. As we, the audiences are aware of the deception, because Malvolio himself is not aware of it when he finds and reads the letter during Act 2, Scene 5. Presuming the letter is for him, and from Olivia, he proceeds to embarrass himself. This structure of the voice develops as Shakespeare style in dramatic irony where the audience becomes important to the play. Voice here holds a distinct figurative role to incorporate audience into understanding voice of Shakespeare. A further technique that is commonly used by Shakespeare and is, therefore, representative of his voice concerns the way in which he in corporates the audience into play. According to Keir Elam, Twelfth Night, â€Å"pleasures and trials of spectatorship† (Elam 3). By having spectatorship and asking audience for appraisal, establishes the use of dramatic irony. Audience is present and indulging in the same space as the characters through the lines: Sir An. Here comes the fool, i faith. Look, here comes a fool. Fes. How now, my hearts! Did you never see the picture of ‘We Three’? Hello, my friends! What a pretty picture, three fools all together. Sir To. Welcome, ass. Now let’s have a catch. (2.3.12-17) Taking this even further, Shakespeare typically uses a fool to breaks the fourth wall. The fool is present in this piece as he is in many of Shakespeare’s plays; for example, Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream invites the audience to be with them. This analysis of the way Shakespeare uses tone, mood, style and figurative techniques through the fool to demonstrate his thinking and logic provides further insights reflecting his personality and ability to manipulate what is perceived. However, in She’s the Man, a movie that â€Å"relate only to the plot of the work, the poetry and character being all his own† (Hudson 8), the fool is the audience (not a character). The story presented in She’s the Man has every potential to be another copy of Twelfth Night because it shares a similar plot. Referencing stories outside set Twelfth Night apart from She’s the Man, such as that Twelfth Night’s â€Å"setting of the play, Illyria , as an exotic and unfamiliar location associated with literary romance, lyricism, and illusion,† (Entland, 149). However, the way it is written, its voice, sets it aside from Twelfth Night, which was very much a play written for characters to perform.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This leads the audience to form the conclusion that voice is something that is expressed and received by the initiator and a receptor. As such, it was important for Shakespeare to develop a style that was unique to him as, through his writing, he expressed himself: his voice was an extension of his thoughts, feelings and emotions. Through using a combination of technique and language, Shakespeare’s voice conveys his opinions, likes, and interests to set up the mood.In fact, the place cannot be found because it is a myth. Thus, voice become unique in bringing the reader to notice outside information that interests the author. Another interesting concept that is presented through the voice of Twelfth Night is the social classicism turn around and move to talking about Shakespeare’s voice of who he is.. In Twelfth Night, the characters fail to adhere to social expectations: â€Å" how community diagnoses madness when a person f ails to perform his known identity member of a particular class as well†(Schiffer 234). Rise of people who will form the bourgeoisie class matter due to crumbling of aristocrats.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play contains a trick on a set of individuals who think they are exercising power and control. Malvolio, a mere butler, perceives himself to be superior to Toby, an alcoholic aristocrat and Maria, a servant. Toby, though an aristocrat, does not exhibit much power initially, but in the end does have most of the power. Toby and Maria’s letters ultimately drive Malvolio out of control. This demonstrates the modernist revolution in the arts during the late Renaissance in the service of the avant-garde. And possibly reflect Shakespeare’s stance in studies was open to movements such as structuralism and feminism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to the literal elements of Shakespeare’s voice that are described in the lines of Act 2 Scene 2, there are also figurative aspects that set his work apart from that of other playwrights and authors. According to Christine Ashby, a language researcher, the production of voice and its use as a tool are separate from the thinking of the individual. Figurative voice represents the voice of the person expressed through their idea, concept or logic. Twelfth Night is a play about the â€Å"dramatization of currently fashionable issues such as gender and sexuality† (Elam 2). This adheres to the famous recurring plot that is typical of Shakespeare’s plays as expressed through the idea of a love triangle, star-crossed lovers, where women is deemed to be powerless when it comes to love. For example, Act 2 Scene 2, Viola expresses how women are subjects to love for men. This derives from a larger social commentary outs ide of the play. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through assessing the work of Shakespeare, voice can be both literal and figurative. It reflects the author’s thoughts, desires and provides insights into what the author would like the audience to think, or how he or she would like them to receive the play. Shakespeare’s voice is reflected in his unique style and techniques. The aspects of his work that sets him apart from others work in combination to give his work his voice. Examining Shakespeare’s work has refined definition of voice as an accurate literal sound of the writer, distinct figurative role, a unique commentary. References Ashby, Christine. Whose Voice Is It Anyway?: Giving Voice and Qualitative Research Involving Individuals That Type to Communicate. Disability Studies Quarterly. Syracuse University, 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2014. http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/1723/1771. Glossary of Literary Terms. HUNTER COLLEGE READING/WRITING CENTER WRITING FOR ENGLISH COURSES. Ed. Anna C. Rockowitz. Hunter College Reading/Writing Center, 1998. Web. 5 Dec. 2014. http%3A%2F%2Frwc.hunter.cuny.edu%2Freading-writing%2Fon-line%2Flit-terms.html. Hudson, Henry N., Rev. Shakespeares Twelfth Night; Or, What You Will. Boston: Ginn, 1895. Print. Schiffer, James. Twelfth Night: New Critical Essays. Abingdon, OX: Routledge, 2011. Print. Shakespeare, William, and Elizabeth Story Donno. Twelfth Night, Or, What You Will. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1985. Print. Shakespeare, William, and Keir Elam. Twelfth Night, Or, What You Will. London: Arden Shakespeare, 2008. Print. Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night; Or, What You Will. New Haven: Yale UP, 1954. Print. Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare. London: J. M. Dent, 1935. Print. The New Temple Shakespeare. Shes the Man. Dir. Andy Fickman. Prod. Lauren Shuler-Donner and Ewan Leslie. By Ewan Leslie. Perf. Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, and Laura Ramsey. DreamWorks Distribution LLC, 2006. Voice. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2014. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/voice. Source document